Background: Buffaloes have the highest potential for production due to a promising gene pool that is being enhanced and upgraded. Mastitis is a significant health impediment that greatly diminishes milk yield and quality, affecting rural farmers’ livelihoods. The traditional gold standard used for diagnosing mastitis or subclinical mastitis is CMT, but it has the drawback of false positive or negative results. Subclinical mastitis, if not treated promptly, can lead to mammary tumors. To address the gap in early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in CMT-negative milk of buffaloes, we performed a retrospective analysis and evaluated the milk miRNA expression profiles as potential biomarkers. Results: Thirty buffalo milk samples based on clinical signs and CMT were divided into normal, subclinical, and clinical mastitis. SCC evaluation showed significant differences between the groups. The data analysis demonstrated that the elevation of miR-146a and miR-383 differed substantially between normal, subclinical, and clinical mastitis milk of buffaloes with 100% sensitivity and specificity. The relationship of SCC with miR-146a and miR-383 in normal/healthy and subclinical mastitis was positively correlated. Conclusion: The overexpression of miR-146a and miR-383 is associated with inflammation. It can be a valuable prognostic and most sensitive biomarker for early mastitis detection in buffaloes with SCC below 2 lakhs and CMT-ve, enhancing the accuracy of subclinical mastitis diagnosis.

Bovine rabies is a global animal and public health concern. There remainsa poor understanding of the true disease burden and economic impact.In low-income developing countries that rely primarily on livestock,the losses are substantial. Because of the total dependence on cattlerearing for the rural economy in the Indian subcontinent countries, it isbecoming a matter of concern. Considering the overwhelming effectsof livestock rabies, especially bovine rabies in the Indian subcontinentregion, this article collates information regarding various aspects of theissue and highlights the importance of developing targeted bespokeintervention strategies.

Rapid Serum Agglutination (RSA) is a routinely used screening test for detecting Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). Looking into the constraint of the cost and unavailability of commercial RSA antigen in addition to frequent antigenic variations occurring in MG, the in-house indigenous experimental antigen (ERSA) was prepared,and testing its efficacy for detection of MG antibodies. The sensitivity of ERSA antigen compared with commercial RSA (CRSA) antigen and ELISA was 100%, whereas specificity was 94.93% and 70.29%, respectively. The accuracy of ERSA antigen compared with CRSA antigen and ELISA was 97.33% and 80%, whereas the predictive value of positive and negative tests was 94.33% and 100%, respectively. The strength of agreement of ERSA antigen with CRSA antigen and ELISA was excellent and outstanding, respectively.Thus, thestudy results suggest that the indigenous experimental RSA coloured antigen can be prepared in-house and used for routine screening of the poultry flocks to detect MG infection.

Kaldate, A.R., Gandge, R.S., Zende, R.J., Desai, D.N. and Pharande, R.R. 2024. Bacterial contaminants in chicken eggs available from various sources. Indian Journal of Poultry Science, 59(3): 355–359. Microbial contamination of eggs significant impact on poultry industry and poses a serious public health problem risk globally In present study a total of 40 chicken egg samples, comprising 10 eggs each from a poultry farm, wholesaler shop, retail shop, and directly from a transportation vehicle delivering eggs from farm to wholesaler. The mean Total Viable Count (TVC) on eggshell surfaces was 106.20, 168.00, 165.00 and 250.00*104 CFU/ml respectively. The TVC on poultry farms eggsshells was significantly higher (P=0.01, while wholesaler shop eggs recorded significantly lower TVC (P=0.01) compared to other sources. The TVC differences between eggs from retailer shops and transportation vehicles were not statistically significant. No microbial growth was detected in the egg contents of the any samples. Among the 40 eggshell samples, 30/40 (75%) yielded various Staphylococcus spp isolates including Staphylococcus lentus in 12/40 (40%), Staphylococcus xylosus in 9/40 (30%), Staphylococcus kloosii in 2/40 (7%), Staphylococcus sciuri in 7/40 (23%). The remaining 10/40 (25%) isolates were Proteus spp 4, Citrobacter spp. 2, and Klebsiella spp 4 were. All 30 Staphylococcus spp isolates tested negative for biofilm production on Congo red agar and presence of the Nuc gene via PCR amplification. Antibiotic sensitivity tests on 40 isolates using disc diffusion method revealed that Staphylococcus spp isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Vancomycin, Gentamicin, but resistance to Penicillin and Erythromycin. Proteus spp, Klebsiella spp, and Citrobacter spp. were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Neomycin and resistant to Penicillin and Erythromycin.