Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the influence of VND/USD exchange rate on Vietnamese coffee export price (PVN).Design/methodology/approach: The study uses cointegration test, Granger causality test and vector autoregression (VAR) model.Findings: The results reveal that there is no co-integrating equation between two variables. It means the exchange rate does not have an effect on PVN in the long run. Furthermore, there is one Granger causality relationship between VND/USD exchange rate and PVN in the short run, but not vice versa. The study suggests that the first previous period of PVN is the most closely related variable which has the greatest impact on the variation of PVN among the selected variables, meanwhile the effect of VND/USD exchange rate on it, contrarily, is positive and very trivial.Originality/value: In overall, the impact of VND/USD exchange rate on Vietnamese coffee export price (PVN) has been analyzed deeply in this research by applying new approaches.

Agroforestry (AF), a traditional land management system in Pakistan that provides great potential both to boost agriculture and reduce wood shortages. Previous work has identified many complex factors of AF covering socio-economic, and environmental impacts. Comparatively few have addressed the perception of the impact of AF. This study investigates the farmer perception of ecological impact derived from AF and the factors that influence their perception. The questionnaire was completed by 200 farmers in Northern irrigated plain in Pakistan, and the resulting descriptive statistics and a probit regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results show that majority of farmers were believed AF increases the greenery, understory regeneration, water retention, and soil fertility of the farmland. In addition, the analysis shows that farmers’ perceptions of AF were positively correlated with the native trees selected for cultivation. However, farmers who practice agrosilvopastoral system had less knowledge and perception of the ecological benefits of AF. Moreover, the study found, even though farmers plant exotic species they perceived that it had a negative impact on the water level and soil fertility. On the other hand, lack of technical knowledge also affected their perceived status. Therefore, designing and implementing informal education programs that collaborate with AF farmers and officials is suggested.

Under the background of “dual carbon”, the coupled power generation of agricultural and forestry biomass (AFB) and coal, as a new path of coal-power transformation, is key to achieving energy conservation and reducing emissions in the power sector. Timely and effective government subsidies as well as regulation policies will play important roles in the development of the coupled power generation industry. Previous studies usually assumed government policy as singular and static, rarely considering the dynamic changes in government policies. In this study, evolutionary game theory and systematic dynamics research methods were combined. The game relationship and the dynamic evolution process of the behavioral strategies of both sides are analyzed through the construction of a mixed-strategies game model of the government and power plants. A system dynamics model is built for simulations based on the results of the dynamic game evolution, and the influence paths of key factors on the behavioral strategies of the government and power plants were further demonstrated. The results indicated the following: (1) The behavioral strategies of the government and power plants were not stable for a long period of time, but fluctuated during their mutual influence. The dynamic policies and measures formulated by the government according to changes in the behavioral strategies of power plants will promote industrial development more effectively. (2) Increasing subsidization and the strengthening of supervision caused by government policy can increase the enthusiasm of power plants to choose the coupled power generation of AFB and coal. (3) If the government improves the benefits or reduces the transformation costs caused by coupled power generation the industry will be fundamentally improved. The results clearly show the interactions as well as adjustment processes of the behavioral strategies of power plants and the government in the coupled power generation industry of AFB and coal, and the specific effects of key factors on the behavioral strategies of power plants and the government were investigated. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the government to formulate reasonable industrial policies and measures for the coupled power generation of AFB and coal, in addition to being a valuable reference for other countries to develop a coupled power generation industry.

Improving green total factor productivity (GTFP) can promote high-quality economic development, while different forms of competition among local governments can affect GTFP. This paper uses panel data from 226 prefecture-level cities in China to measure GTFP using the super efficiency SBM model and GML index. Based on the angle of comprehensive competition, this paper constructs a panel fixed effect model and a panel threshold regression model to analyze the impact of local government economic competition and environmental competition on GTFP, and analyzes the threshold effect of environmental regulation on economic competition and environmental competition on GTFP. Based on the effect of competition transformation, a difference-in-difference model is constructed to analyze the impact of local government competition transformation on GTFP, and to test the mediating effect of reduction of pollution and carbon emissions. The results show that: First of all, the joint effect of local government economic competition and environmental competition has promoted the improvement of GTFP, but there are regional differences, with the promotion effect of southern cities, eastern cities, and first-, second-, and third-tier cities being more obvious. In addition, local government competition taking into account environmental competition can promote the improvement of GTFP. With the increase of environmental regulation intensity, the promotion effect of comprehensive competition increases first and then decreases. Finally, the transformation of local governments from economic competition to environmental competition can promote GTFP by reducing pollutant emissions intensity and carbon emission intensity, and reducing carbon emission intensity is the main path. According to the empirical results, the study suggests that the central government improve the competition mode of local governments, establish a performance evaluation mechanism that reflects green development, and balance the relationship between economic competition and environmental competition. Further we should improve the implementation norms and regulatory standards of institutional environmental regulations, adopt classified guidance and tailored environmental regulation policies, and gradually strengthen the coordinated governance of pollution reduction and carbon reduction.

Forestry carbon sinks are an important measure for enabling China to cope with global climate change and realize its “double carbon” goal. Carbon sink afforestation projects (CSAPs) are a type of forestry carbon sink projects, and the question of whether China’s forest products with an export orientation can adapt to the requirements of high-quality development is important for balancing the relationship between emissions reduction and development. We use the micro-data of forest product export enterprises provided by the China Customs Database and construct a difference-in-difference (DID) model to investigate the impact of CSAPs on China’s forest product export and its heterogeneity. The results show that CSAPs significantly increase the export scale of China’s forest products. CSAPs lead to significant heterogeneity regarding the forest product export scale in relation to regions, production factor intensity, trade pattern, enterprise ownership, and export destination countries. We further find that although the implementation of CSAPs significantly reduces the export types of forest products, it significantly promotes an increase in the export price and the expansion of the export quantity of forest products, and it optimizes the export structure of forest products to some extent. The “Belt and Road” initiative (BRI) has played a significant positive role in regulating the expansion of the forest product export scale with CSAPs. The implementation of CSAPs reduces the risk of termination of trade relations among forest product export enterprises and extends the export duration. The conclusions provide implications for policy makers and managers of forest product enterprises.