This paper discusses the possibilities of an automated solution for determining dimensionally accurate and defective products using a computer vision system. In a real industrial environment, research was conducted on a prototype of a quality control...

This paper presents a proposal for the design, development, and validation of a smart mini greenhouse intended for small-scale agricultural production. The main objective is to explore the feasibility of a cost-efficient smart mini greenhouse prototype. This paper briefly analyses the parameters that influence the process of plant cultivation. Parameters such as air temperature, air and soil humidity, solar radiation and amount of carbon dioxide are analysed. Based on the analysis of the successful process of plant cultivation, sensors are selected for the condition monitoring in the mini greenhouse. By selecting various sensors, actuators and the control unit (Arduino), a system for condition monitoring and dosing of the necessary elements in the process of plant growth (agricultural production) is formed. With the help of computer design tools, a proposal for the construction of a mini-greenhouse is made. The proposed components for growth support and condition monitoring are integrated into the defined construction of the mini greenhouse. Testing is carried out by designing the control programme and implementing it. By building a mini greenhouse and integrating the selected components (sensors, actuators and other elements) with the control programme, the complete smart mini greenhouse was validated. The validation positively confirmed the proposed and built prototype model of a smart mini greenhouse for production.

Duplex stainless steel (DSS) blends impressive mechanical and chemical characteristics to withstand aggressive environments. Its fabrication by Gas Metal Arc Welding-Additive Manufacturing is an emerging research topic. However, its sensitive grain structure and alloy composition are prone to deterioration by repeated thermal shocks. Whether optimal weld parameters can resolve these challenges without additional costs from special fillers, gases, or mechanisms is a valid question. In this study, how different wire feed speeds, travel speeds, and weld voltages, chosen from a set of preliminary beads, translate into wall dimensions, phase formation and distribution, morphological transformation, and elemental segregation is investigated. The unique DSS microstructures were characterised using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy to reveal differences in microstructural evolution and ferrite-austenite (α-γ) structure. The deposited walls exhibited satisfactory geometric quality with negligible distortions. However, the height suppression was noticeable at the deposition energy (DE) of 755 J/mm. Metallographic analysis revealed low γ phase formation (70%) in the high DE wall (755 J/mm). The parameters WFS:TS = 15, TS = 35 cm/min, WFS = 525 cm/min, and V = 20.804 volts suppressed the elemental segregation while maintaining a suitable phase balance without post-processing.

The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of nickel alloy type from the same group, the parameters of flame spraying, as well as the preparation of the substrate and the heat treatments of the substrate on the microstructure of the coating/substrate system. Due to the possibility of applying nickel alloys in corrective maintenance of tools used on elevated working temperatures, hot work tool steel X38CrMoV5-1 was selected as a substrate material. The investigation of the microstructure of the coating/substrate system was carried out according to the factorial design of experiment, where the input factors were varied on two levels. The factors that were varied are: Ni based self-fluxing alloys - NiCrBSi and NiBSi; distance of the burner from the workpiece - small (6 mm) and large (20 mm); preparation of the substrate - roughened and non roughened and the heat treatments of the substrate - soft annealed and tempered condition. Ni-based self-fluxing alloys were applied on samples (12,5 × 25 × 25 mm) by flame spraying with simultaneous fusing process. Analysis of the microstructures of the coating/substrate system was carried out on the Leica DM 2500M light microscope. After the conducted analysis the paper concluded that by spraying the selected coatings onto the X38CrMoV5-1 tool steel base, poor quality coatings are obtained, due to the appearance of cracks (NiCrBSi) or separation of the coating from the substrate (NiBSi). This is attributed to the formation of martensitic structure of the substrate after spraying and the presence of residual stresses.