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Integrals that are of interest in the analysis, design, and optimization of concentrating solar thermal systems (CST), such as the annual optical efficiency of the light collection and concentration (LCC) subsystem, can be accurately computed or estimated in two distinct ways: on the time domain and on the spatial domain. This article explores these two ways, using a case study that is highly representative of the commercial CST systems being deployed worldwide. In the time domain, the computation of these integrals are explored using 1-min, 10-min, and 1-h solar DNI input data and using The Cyprus Institute (CyI)’s High-Performance Computing (HPC) system and an open-source ray tracer, Tonatiuh++, being actively developed at CyI. In the spatial domain, the computation of these integrals is explored using SunPATH, another open-source software tool being actively developed at CyI, in tandem with Tonatiuh++. The comparison between the time and spatial domain approach clearly indicate that the spatial domain approach using SunPATH is dramatically more computationally efficient than the time domain approach. According to the results obtained, at least for the case study analyzed in this article, to compute the annual energy delivered by the LCC subsystem with a relative error less than 0.1%, it is enough to provide SunPATH with 1-h DNI data as input, request from SunPATH the sun position and weights of just 30 points in the celestial sphere, and run Tonatiuh++ to simulate these 30 points using 15 million rays per run. As the test case is highly representative, it is expected that this approach will yield similar results for most CST systems of interest.
Manuel Blanco; Victor Grigoriev; Kypros Milidonis; George Tsouloupas; Miguel Larrañeta; Manuel Silva. Minimizing the Computational Effort to Optimize Solar Concentrators with the Open-Source Tools SunPATH and Tonatiuh++. Energies 2021, 14, 4412 .
AMA StyleManuel Blanco, Victor Grigoriev, Kypros Milidonis, George Tsouloupas, Miguel Larrañeta, Manuel Silva. Minimizing the Computational Effort to Optimize Solar Concentrators with the Open-Source Tools SunPATH and Tonatiuh++. Energies. 2021; 14 (15):4412.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManuel Blanco; Victor Grigoriev; Kypros Milidonis; George Tsouloupas; Miguel Larrañeta; Manuel Silva. 2021. "Minimizing the Computational Effort to Optimize Solar Concentrators with the Open-Source Tools SunPATH and Tonatiuh++." Energies 14, no. 15: 4412.
Full year of consistent Direct Normal Irradiance data at 1-min, 10-min and 1-hour time steps. The consistency is obtained by building the 10-min and 1-hour time step years from the 1-min year. The measurements correspond to the year 2016 and were taken by the meteorological station of the Group of Thermodynamics and Renewable Energy (GTER) of the University ofSeville. The geographical coordinates of the measurement station are: Latitude: 37º24’42’’ North, Longitude: -6º 00’21’’ East. This measurement station measures solar DNI with a sampling and logging frequency of 0.2 Hz and an ISO first class EppleyNIP pyrheliometer mounted on a sun tracker Kipp and Zonen 2AP.
Manuel Silva Pérez; Miguel Larrañeta Gómez-Caminero; Sara Moreno Tejera. Full year of consistent Direct Normal Irradiance data at 1-min, 10-min and 1-hour time steps. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleManuel Silva Pérez, Miguel Larrañeta Gómez-Caminero, Sara Moreno Tejera. Full year of consistent Direct Normal Irradiance data at 1-min, 10-min and 1-hour time steps. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManuel Silva Pérez; Miguel Larrañeta Gómez-Caminero; Sara Moreno Tejera. 2021. "Full year of consistent Direct Normal Irradiance data at 1-min, 10-min and 1-hour time steps." , no. : 1.
Full year of consistent Direct Normal Irradiance data at 1-min, 10-min and 1-hour time steps. The consistency is obtained by building the 10-min and 1-hour time step years from the 1-min year. The measurements correspond to the year 2016 and were taken by the meteorological station of the Group of Thermodynamics and Renewable Energy (GTER) of the University ofSeville. The geographical coordinates of the measurement station are: Latitude: 37º24’42’’ North, Longitude: -6º 00’21’’ East. This measurement station measures solar DNI with a sampling and logging frequency of 0.2 Hz and an ISO first class EppleyNIP pyrheliometer mounted on a sun tracker Kipp and Zonen 2AP.
Manuel Silva Pérez; Miguel Larrañeta Gómez-Caminero; Sara Moreno Tejera. Full year of consistent Direct Normal Irradiance data at 1-min, 10-min and 1-hour time steps. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleManuel Silva Pérez, Miguel Larrañeta Gómez-Caminero, Sara Moreno Tejera. Full year of consistent Direct Normal Irradiance data at 1-min, 10-min and 1-hour time steps. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManuel Silva Pérez; Miguel Larrañeta Gómez-Caminero; Sara Moreno Tejera. 2021. "Full year of consistent Direct Normal Irradiance data at 1-min, 10-min and 1-hour time steps." , no. : 1.
Concentrated solar power (CSP) and photovoltaic (PV) solar systems can be hybridized, creating synergies: on one hand procuring dispatchability by storing thermal energy, and on the other hand generating electricity at a highly competitive prize. In this paper, we present an approach to the operation strategies and modes for integrated hybrid CSP + PV systems. We focus on parabolic trough (PT) solar plants, especially those operating in the south of Spain. Our study consists in the definition of suitable states for each of the subsystems that constitute a hybrid solar plant. We then propose modes from the combination of suitable states and establish the conditions for the transition between modes depending on the operation strategy. We propose two operation strategies: demand coverage and base load production. The results of this paper can be used in decision making for hybrid solar system simulation programs.
José López-Álvarez; Miguel Larrañeta; Elena Pérez-Aparicio; Manuel Silva-Pérez; Isidoro Lillo-Bravo. An Approach to the Operation Modes and Strategies for Integrated Hybrid Parabolic Trough and Photovoltaic Solar Systems. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4402 .
AMA StyleJosé López-Álvarez, Miguel Larrañeta, Elena Pérez-Aparicio, Manuel Silva-Pérez, Isidoro Lillo-Bravo. An Approach to the Operation Modes and Strategies for Integrated Hybrid Parabolic Trough and Photovoltaic Solar Systems. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4402.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé López-Álvarez; Miguel Larrañeta; Elena Pérez-Aparicio; Manuel Silva-Pérez; Isidoro Lillo-Bravo. 2021. "An Approach to the Operation Modes and Strategies for Integrated Hybrid Parabolic Trough and Photovoltaic Solar Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4402.
In this paper, we focus on the variation of the transmittance of the receiver glass envelope as a function of the incidence angle and we measure its impact on the annual optical efficiency of a LFR plant using ray-tracing techniques. For this purpose, we draw up a detailed model of the LFR collector installed on the roof of the School of Engineering of the University of Seville, Spain. We also calculate the optical efficiency with and without a secondary reflector and with constant or variable transmittance receiver glass envelope properties. We run simulations using a clear-sky annual 1-min synthetic data set as input and calculate an average annual optical efficiency using efficiency matrices and Incidence Angle Modifiers (IAM) obtained from ray-tracing simulations. We find that the effect of the variation of the receiver glass envelope optical properties, as a function of the incidence angle, reduces the annual optical efficiency by 2.5%when the LFR plant has a basic secondary reflector and by 0.7% when there is no secondary reflector, according to the results obtained when using constant optical properties. We also evaluate the performance of the system with an optimised secondary reflector design.
José A. López-Alvarez; Miguel Larraneta; Manuel A. Silva-Pérez; Isidoro Lillo-Bravo. Impact of the variation of the receiver glass envelope transmittance as a function of the incidence angle in the performance of a linear Fresnel collector. Renewable Energy 2020, 150, 607 -615.
AMA StyleJosé A. López-Alvarez, Miguel Larraneta, Manuel A. Silva-Pérez, Isidoro Lillo-Bravo. Impact of the variation of the receiver glass envelope transmittance as a function of the incidence angle in the performance of a linear Fresnel collector. Renewable Energy. 2020; 150 ():607-615.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé A. López-Alvarez; Miguel Larraneta; Manuel A. Silva-Pérez; Isidoro Lillo-Bravo. 2020. "Impact of the variation of the receiver glass envelope transmittance as a function of the incidence angle in the performance of a linear Fresnel collector." Renewable Energy 150, no. : 607-615.
This article presents and evaluates the performance of a simplified model to generate 10-min global horizontal synthetic solar radiation data that would correspond to the measurements of a calibrated photovoltaic monocrystalline cell. The model, which only requires global horizontal solar radiation data measured with a thermopile pyranometer as input, is based on the characterization of the relation between the data measured with a thermopile pyranometer and a calibrated cell as a function of the sky condition and the solar elevation. We have used an extensive solar radiation database for the location of Seville (Spain) for the training of the model that has been tested in Seville and Lancaster (USA), showing satisfactory results and suggesting a global applicability with no local adaptation or calibration requirement. The model shows the best results for high levels of solar radiation and solar elevations and decreases its performance on days with high levels of diffuse irradiation and for very low solar elevation angles. We obtain a daily RMSD between measured and synthetic data of 1.9% in Seville and 5.2% in Lancaster. The frequency distribution of the synthetic datasets shows a KSI of 3.7 W/m2 in Seville and 8.6 W/m2 in Lancaster. We also evaluate the ramp rates of measured and synthetic sets through the KSI of the measured and synthetic ramp rates sets, obtaining 0.11 W/m2۰min in Seville and 0.20 W/m2۰min in Lancaster.
I. Lillo-Bravo; M. Larrañeta; E. Núñez-Ortega; R. González-Galván; Larrañeta M. Simplified model to correct thermopile pyranometer solar radiation measurements for photovoltaic module yield estimation. Renewable Energy 2019, 146, 1486 -1497.
AMA StyleI. Lillo-Bravo, M. Larrañeta, E. Núñez-Ortega, R. González-Galván, Larrañeta M. Simplified model to correct thermopile pyranometer solar radiation measurements for photovoltaic module yield estimation. Renewable Energy. 2019; 146 ():1486-1497.
Chicago/Turabian StyleI. Lillo-Bravo; M. Larrañeta; E. Núñez-Ortega; R. González-Galván; Larrañeta M. 2019. "Simplified model to correct thermopile pyranometer solar radiation measurements for photovoltaic module yield estimation." Renewable Energy 146, no. : 1486-1497.
In this paper, we present a method for the synthetic generation of long-term time series of coupled 1-min global horizontal solar irradiance (GHI) and direct normal solar irradiance (DNI). This method requires an input of 10–15 annual time series of hourly DNI and GHI values that can be retrieved from satellite-based irradiance databases, and produces 100 years of 1-min solar radiation values that can be used for risk analysis or as input for solar plants performance simulation in a wide range of scenarios. The method consists of the conjunction of three steps. The first one, based on a stochastic procedure, is used to generate 100 years of monthly DNI and GHI values. The second step consists of the subsequent generation of daily irradiation values. To that end we have used a bootstrapping technique. The synthetic daily sequences have the same serial correlation structure as the observed data. The last step consists of the generation of 100 years of 1-min solar irradiance data out of the daily values based on the non-dimensionalization of the daily profiles by the clear sky envelope approach. The method has been applied for the location of Seville showing satisfactory results in terms of cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of the synthetic data. We obtain an average monthly KSI (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test integral) index of 0.11 kWh/m2 for GHI and 0.26 kWh/m2 for DNI. The minimum KSI value is 0.07 kWh/m2 for GHI and 0.15 kWh/m2 for DNI obtained in January. The maximum KSI value is 0.19 kWh/m2 for GHI and 0.34 kWh/m2 for DNI obtained in June and August respectively.
M. Larrañeta; Carlos M. Fernández-Peruchena; Manuel Silva-Pérez; I. Lillo-Bravo; A. Grantham; John Boland. Generation of synthetic solar datasets for risk analysis. Solar Energy 2019, 187, 212 -225.
AMA StyleM. Larrañeta, Carlos M. Fernández-Peruchena, Manuel Silva-Pérez, I. Lillo-Bravo, A. Grantham, John Boland. Generation of synthetic solar datasets for risk analysis. Solar Energy. 2019; 187 ():212-225.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Larrañeta; Carlos M. Fernández-Peruchena; Manuel Silva-Pérez; I. Lillo-Bravo; A. Grantham; John Boland. 2019. "Generation of synthetic solar datasets for risk analysis." Solar Energy 187, no. : 212-225.
Miguel Larrañeta; Sara Moreno-Tejera; Isidoro Lillo-Bravo; Manuel A. Silva-Pérez. Impact of the intra-day variability of the DNI on the energy yield of CSP plants. SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleMiguel Larrañeta, Sara Moreno-Tejera, Isidoro Lillo-Bravo, Manuel A. Silva-Pérez. Impact of the intra-day variability of the DNI on the energy yield of CSP plants. SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Larrañeta; Sara Moreno-Tejera; Isidoro Lillo-Bravo; Manuel A. Silva-Pérez. 2019. "Impact of the intra-day variability of the DNI on the energy yield of CSP plants." SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems , no. : 1.
The utilization of solar energy based technologies has attracted increased interest in recent times in order to satisfy the energy demands in buildings. This research work presents a comparative analysis of the energy production and costs of factory made solar heating systems, Thermosiphon Solar Water Heaters Systems (TSWHS) and Forced-circulation Solar Water Heaters Systems (FSWHS), as a function of profile type (high and low) and collector absorber treatment (selective and black painting). We observe that the energy performance and the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) is similar in TSWHS and FSWHS for load volumes below tank nominal volume, black painting absorbers and locations with high solar irradiation. In the case of load volumes greater than nominal, climates with low irradiation and collectors with selective absorbers, the differences in their energy performance can reach a 7% and the LCOE can increase up to 9%. The LCOE is lower for TSWHS systems for all the evaluated scenarios. We have also found that for cold climates, the FSWHS systems present higher net annual energy produced, however, for warm climates TSWHS systems present greater net annual energy production.
J. Vera-Medina; M. Larrañeta; I. Lillo-Bravo. Performance of factory made solar heating systems according to standard ISO 9459-5:2007. Energy and Buildings 2018, 183, 454 -466.
AMA StyleJ. Vera-Medina, M. Larrañeta, I. Lillo-Bravo. Performance of factory made solar heating systems according to standard ISO 9459-5:2007. Energy and Buildings. 2018; 183 ():454-466.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Vera-Medina; M. Larrañeta; I. Lillo-Bravo. 2018. "Performance of factory made solar heating systems according to standard ISO 9459-5:2007." Energy and Buildings 183, no. : 454-466.
The freeze protection is essential in the majority of solar thermal installations to prevent breakage of solar thermal collectors. Therefore, there are different methods of protection against freezing of flat plate solar thermal collectors, all of them with certain limitations. This paper shows a novel freeze protection mechanism in the solar thermal collector by using flexible silicone peroxide tubes inside the absorber of the solar collector. We demonstrate, in a theoretical and experimental way, that the increase of volume and pressure produced inside a solar collector during freezing process can be absorbed using a flexible silicone peroxide tubes under all exposure conditions. The parameters that optimize the geometric configuration of the solution proposed have been calculated. A collector prototype with silicones peroxide has experimentally complied with the Standard ISO 9806:20 13, including freeze resistance test, without any significantly influence on its efficiency or pressure drop. Therefore, the solution proposed presents an inexpensive, effective, reliable and maintenance-free freeze protection system for flat plate solar collectors.
J. Vera-Medina; Isidoro Lillo Bravo; J. Hernández; Miguel Larrañeta. Experimental and numerical study on a freeze protection system for flat-plate solar collectors with silicone peroxide tubes. Applied Thermal Engineering 2018, 135, 446 -453.
AMA StyleJ. Vera-Medina, Isidoro Lillo Bravo, J. Hernández, Miguel Larrañeta. Experimental and numerical study on a freeze protection system for flat-plate solar collectors with silicone peroxide tubes. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2018; 135 ():446-453.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Vera-Medina; Isidoro Lillo Bravo; J. Hernández; Miguel Larrañeta. 2018. "Experimental and numerical study on a freeze protection system for flat-plate solar collectors with silicone peroxide tubes." Applied Thermal Engineering 135, no. : 446-453.
M. Larrañeta; C. Fernandez-Peruchena; M.A. Silva-Pérez; I. Lillo-Bravo. Methodology to synthetically downscale DNI time series from 1-h to 1-min temporal resolution with geographic flexibility. Solar Energy 2018, 162, 573 -584.
AMA StyleM. Larrañeta, C. Fernandez-Peruchena, M.A. Silva-Pérez, I. Lillo-Bravo. Methodology to synthetically downscale DNI time series from 1-h to 1-min temporal resolution with geographic flexibility. Solar Energy. 2018; 162 ():573-584.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Larrañeta; C. Fernandez-Peruchena; M.A. Silva-Pérez; I. Lillo-Bravo. 2018. "Methodology to synthetically downscale DNI time series from 1-h to 1-min temporal resolution with geographic flexibility." Solar Energy 162, no. : 573-584.
Photovoltaic (PV) plant failures have a significant influence on PV plant security, reliability, and energy balance. Energy losses produced by a PV plant are due to two large causes: failures and inefficiencies. Knowing the relative influence of energy losses due to failures and energy losses due to inefficiencies on the PV plant energy balance contribute to the optimization of its design, commissioning, and maintenance tasks. This paper estimates the failure rates, grouped by components, and the relative impact of the failures on the PV plant energy balance through real operation and maintenance follow-up data of 15 PV plants in Spain and Italy for 15 months. Results show that the influence of failures in energy losses of all analysed PV plants is low, reaching a maximum value of 0.96% of the net energy yield. Solar field energy losses only represent 4.26% of all failure energy losses. On the other hand, energy losses due to inefficiencies have represented between 22.34% and 27.58% of the net energy yield.
Isidoro Lillo-Bravo; Pablo González-Martínez; Miguel Larrañeta; José Guasumba-Codena. Impact of Energy Losses Due to Failures on Photovoltaic Plant Energy Balance. Energies 2018, 11, 363 .
AMA StyleIsidoro Lillo-Bravo, Pablo González-Martínez, Miguel Larrañeta, José Guasumba-Codena. Impact of Energy Losses Due to Failures on Photovoltaic Plant Energy Balance. Energies. 2018; 11 (2):363.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsidoro Lillo-Bravo; Pablo González-Martínez; Miguel Larrañeta; José Guasumba-Codena. 2018. "Impact of Energy Losses Due to Failures on Photovoltaic Plant Energy Balance." Energies 11, no. 2: 363.
Carlos M. Fernández-Peruchena; Miguel Larrañeta; Manuel Blanco; Ana Bernardos. High frequency generation of coupled GHI and DNI based on clustered Dynamic Paths. Solar Energy 2018, 159, 453 -457.
AMA StyleCarlos M. Fernández-Peruchena, Miguel Larrañeta, Manuel Blanco, Ana Bernardos. High frequency generation of coupled GHI and DNI based on clustered Dynamic Paths. Solar Energy. 2018; 159 ():453-457.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos M. Fernández-Peruchena; Miguel Larrañeta; Manuel Blanco; Ana Bernardos. 2018. "High frequency generation of coupled GHI and DNI based on clustered Dynamic Paths." Solar Energy 159, no. : 453-457.
M. Larrañeta; M.J. Reno; I. Lillo-Bravo; M.A. Silva-Pérez. Identifying periods of clear sky direct normal irradiance. Renewable Energy 2017, 113, 756 -763.
AMA StyleM. Larrañeta, M.J. Reno, I. Lillo-Bravo, M.A. Silva-Pérez. Identifying periods of clear sky direct normal irradiance. Renewable Energy. 2017; 113 ():756-763.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Larrañeta; M.J. Reno; I. Lillo-Bravo; M.A. Silva-Pérez. 2017. "Identifying periods of clear sky direct normal irradiance." Renewable Energy 113, no. : 756-763.
M. Larrañeta; Sara Moreno; Isidoro Lillo Bravo; Manuel Silva-Pérez. A methodology for the stochastic generation of hourly synthetic direct normal irradiation time series. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 2017, 131, 1517 -1527.
AMA StyleM. Larrañeta, Sara Moreno, Isidoro Lillo Bravo, Manuel Silva-Pérez. A methodology for the stochastic generation of hourly synthetic direct normal irradiation time series. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 2017; 131 (3-4):1517-1527.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Larrañeta; Sara Moreno; Isidoro Lillo Bravo; Manuel Silva-Pérez. 2017. "A methodology for the stochastic generation of hourly synthetic direct normal irradiation time series." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 131, no. 3-4: 1517-1527.
Miguel Larrañeta; Sara Moreno-Tejera; Isidoro Lillo-Bravo; Manuel A. Silva-Pérez. Cloud transient characterization in different time steps. SOLARPACES 2016: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems 2017, 1850, 140016 .
AMA StyleMiguel Larrañeta, Sara Moreno-Tejera, Isidoro Lillo-Bravo, Manuel A. Silva-Pérez. Cloud transient characterization in different time steps. SOLARPACES 2016: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. 2017; 1850 ():140016.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Larrañeta; Sara Moreno-Tejera; Isidoro Lillo-Bravo; Manuel A. Silva-Pérez. 2017. "Cloud transient characterization in different time steps." SOLARPACES 2016: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems 1850, no. : 140016.
Several studies have confirmed the relevant impact of the resolution and frequency distribution of solar radiation data on the results of detailed production models. Many of the available direct normal irradiance (DNI) databases generated from the satellite images have an hourly resolution. In the present work, we have proposed improvements to an existing model for the generation of 10-min synthetic DNI data from the hourly average DNI values. In the original model, the irradiance is divided into a deterministic and a stochastic component, i.e., the contribution from the hourly mean and stochastic fluctuation obtained from the mean depending on the sky condition, respectively. We have implemented several improvements, and the most relevant is the consistency of the synthetic data with the state of the sky. The adaptation and application of the model to the location of Seville show significant improvements over its predecessor as it achieved 7% rRMSD in hourly values and 1% rRMSD in daily values and presented a realistic frequency distribution in the 10-min resolution. In comparison with the original model, the application of the improved model showed significant performance improvements without any further adaptations to other locations with different climatological characteristics than Seville.
M. Larrañeta; Sara Moreno; Manuel Silva-Pérez; Isidoro Lillo Bravo. An improved model for the synthetic generation of high temporal resolution direct normal irradiation time series. Solar Energy 2015, 122, 517 -528.
AMA StyleM. Larrañeta, Sara Moreno, Manuel Silva-Pérez, Isidoro Lillo Bravo. An improved model for the synthetic generation of high temporal resolution direct normal irradiation time series. Solar Energy. 2015; 122 ():517-528.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Larrañeta; Sara Moreno; Manuel Silva-Pérez; Isidoro Lillo Bravo. 2015. "An improved model for the synthetic generation of high temporal resolution direct normal irradiation time series." Solar Energy 122, no. : 517-528.
M.A. Silva-Pérez; J.M. Barea-García; Miguel Larrañeta; S. Moreno-Tejera; I. Lillo; Manuel Silva-Pérez; Sara Moreno. Analysis of the Distribution of Measured and Synthetic DNI Databases and its Effect on the Expected Production of a Parabolic Trough Plant. Energy Procedia 2014, 49, 2512 -2520.
AMA StyleM.A. Silva-Pérez, J.M. Barea-García, Miguel Larrañeta, S. Moreno-Tejera, I. Lillo, Manuel Silva-Pérez, Sara Moreno. Analysis of the Distribution of Measured and Synthetic DNI Databases and its Effect on the Expected Production of a Parabolic Trough Plant. Energy Procedia. 2014; 49 ():2512-2520.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM.A. Silva-Pérez; J.M. Barea-García; Miguel Larrañeta; S. Moreno-Tejera; I. Lillo; Manuel Silva-Pérez; Sara Moreno. 2014. "Analysis of the Distribution of Measured and Synthetic DNI Databases and its Effect on the Expected Production of a Parabolic Trough Plant." Energy Procedia 49, no. : 2512-2520.