The immediate early gene exhibits activation markers in the nervous system consisting of ARC, EGR-1, and c-Fos and is related to synaptic plasticity, especially in the hippocampus. Immediate early gene expression is affected by physical exercise, which induces direct ARC, EGR-1, and c-Fos expression. Objective: To assess the impact of exercise, we conducted a literature study to determine the expression levels of immediate early genes (ARC, c-Fos, and EGR-1). Methods: The databases accessed for online literature included PubMed-Medline, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The original English articles were selected using the following keywords in the title: (Exercise OR physical activity) AND (c-Fos) AND (Hippocampus), (Exercise OR physical activity) AND (ARC) AND (Hippocampus), (Exercise OR physical activity) AND (EGR-1 OR zif268) AND (Hippocampus). Results: Physical exercise can affect the expression of EGR-1, c-Fos, and ARC in the hippocampus, an important part of the brain involved in learning and memory. High-intensity physical exercise can increase c-Fos expression, indicating neural activation. Furthermore, the expression of the ARC gene also increases due to physical exercise. ARC is a gene that plays a role in synaptic plasticity and regulation of learning and memory, changes in synaptic structure and increased synaptic connections, while EGR-1 also plays a role in synaptic plasticity, a genetic change that affects learning and memory. Overall, exercise or regular physical exercise can increase the expression of ARC, c-Fos, and EGR-1 in the hippocampus. This reflects the changes in neuroplasticity and synaptic plasticity that occur in response to physical activity. These changes can improve cognitive function, learning, and memory. Conclusion: c-Fos, EGR-1, and ARC expression increases in hippocampal neurons after exercise, enhancing synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis associated with learning and memory.

ABSTRAK Prevalensi PMS di negara berkembang jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan di negara maju. Usia remaja (15 – 24 tahun) merupakan 25% dari semua populasi yang aktif secara seksual, tetapi memberikan kontribusi hampir 50% dari semua kasus PMS. Di Indonesia, berdasarkan Laporan Survei Terpadu dan Biologis Perilaku (STBP) oleh Kementrian Kesehatan RI (2011), prevalensi penyakit menular seksual (PMS) pada tahun 2011 dimana infeksi gonore dan klamidia sebesar 179 % dan sifilis sebesar 44 %. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengetahuan siswa kelas XI tentang penyakit menular seksual. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 24 Bandung pada tanggal 4, 5, 8, 9 dan 11 Juni 2015 dengan jumlah populasi 359 orang serta jumlah sampel 190 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan kuesioner . Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pengetahuan siswa kelas XI tentang Penyakit Menular Seksual di SMA diperoleh 119 orang (62,63%) pengetahuan cukup 59 orang (31,05%) pengetahuan kurang 12 orang (6,32%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pengetahuan siswa kelas XI tentang penyakit menular seksual di SMA Negeri 24 Bandung adalah cukup 119 orang (62,63%). Oleh karena itu peneliti merekomendasikan agar petugas kesehatan dapat lebih aktif lagi dalam memberikan penyuluhan tentang sistem reproduksi khususnya mengenai penyakit menular seksual di lingkungan sekolah. ABSTRACT The prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) in developing countries is higher than in advanced countries. The adolescence (15-24 years old) contributes for 25% to all sexually active population, but contributes 50% to all STD cases. According to Report of Integrated and Biologic Behavior Survey conducted by Health Ministry of Indonesian Republic (2011), the prevalence of STD in Indonesia in 2011 shows that gonorrhea and Chlamydia infection is 179% and syphilis is 44%. This study aims at discovering XI grade students of 24 Senior High School Bandung’s knowledge about STD. It is conducted using descriptive quantitative study in 4, 5, 8, 9 and 11 June 2015, and involved 359 population and 190 samples. Simple random sampling was used as the technique and closed questionnaire was used as the instrument. The findings of the study show that most XI grade students of 24 Senior High School Bandung (119 respondents) have adequate knowledge about STD (62.63%); next, 59 respondents (31.05%) have low knowledge about STD; and 12 respondents (6.23%) have good knowledge about STD. To conclude, the XI grade students of 24 Senior High School Bandung’s knowledge about STD is adequate. Therefore, the health professionals are suggested to actively conduct more counseling about reproduction system, especially about STD, in school settings.

A sedentary lifestyle is a known risk factor for increased anxiety among university students, yet the role of physical activity knowledge in mitigating anxiety remains underexplored. This study aims to examine the relationship between knowledge of physical activity and anxiety levels in students with sedentary lifestyles. Using a quantitative correlational approach with a cross-sectional design, the study involved 80 students aged 19–25 years selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a sedentary behavior questionnaire, a validated and reliable physical activity knowledge questionnaire, and the DASS-21 scale to assess anxiety levels. Statistical analysis employed the Chi-Square test. The results revealed that although most students had moderate to high knowledge, over half still experienced moderate to extremely severe anxiety. A significant association was found between physical activity knowledge and anxiety levels (p = 0.000). These findings suggest that knowledge alone is insufficient to reduce anxiety without corresponding behavioral change. Therefore, integrated educational and physical activity programs are essential to promote mental well-being among university students. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang aktivitas fisik dengan tingkat kecemasan pada siswa yang memiliki gaya hidup sedentari. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif korelatif dengan desain cross-sectional, melibatkan 80 mahasiswa aktif Program Studi Pendidikan Ilmu Komputer Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia berusia 19–25 tahun, yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Identifikasi gaya hidup sedentari dilakukan dengan kuesioner perilaku sedentari, sedangkan tingkat pengetahuan aktivitas fisik diukur menggunakan kuesioner pilihan ganda terstandar, dan tingkat kecemasan diukur dengan DASS-21. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan uji korelasi Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan aktivitas fisik pada kategori sedang hingga tinggi, namun 63% tetap mengalami kecemasan pada tingkat sedang hingga sangat berat. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan aktivitas fisik dan tingkat kecemasan (p=0,000). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa pengetahuan tentang aktivitas fisik berhubungan signifikan dengan tingkat kecemasan pada siswa sedentari, namun peningkatan pengetahuan saja belum cukup untuk menurunkan kecemasan secara optimal. Temuan ini merekomendasikan perlunya intervensi edukatif dan program aktivitas fisik terstruktur untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan mental siswa.

The purpose of this research is to find out the knowledge of the Health Corps Volunteer Team of the Indonesian Education University about basic life support. Research design with the quantitative descriptive approach, sampling with a total sampling of 60 respondents. Results showed the respondents' knowledge into 2 categories: 46 participants (76.67%), enough 14 participants (23.33%) while there were no respondents. Knowledge is influenced by several factors; some are based on gender, age and the faculty of study. Knowledge of important basic living rocks is given to students in addition to health. Suggestions for increasing knowledge and training on basic life support with the aim of numbers helps to reduce mortality

The hippocampus is essential for learning and memory, with the p53 protein serving as a critical regulator of these cognitive processes. While p53 is predominantly recognized for its role in apoptosis, it also plays a vital role in modulating synaptic plasticity and preserving hippocampal health. This review explores the influence of p53 on synaptic function and long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA1 neurons, emphasizing its neuroprotective properties within the central nervous system. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect, employing systematic inclusion and exclusion criteria. We limited our analysis to experimental studies published in English between 2001 and 2022, specifically including articles that were not systematic reviews or literature articles, and excluding animal studies, simplified abstracts, and book chapters. A total of six articles were deliberately chosen for review, examining varied patterns of p53 and synaptic function in diverse contextual settings. The findings reveal that p53 gene regulation is integral to neuronal transcription and is influenced by synaptic activity, with LTP induction correlating with increased p53 transcription levels. Furthermore, miR-34c enhances synaptic function by promoting the expression of synaptotagmin 1. Under apoptotic conditions, p53 is localized at synaptic terminals, contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which leads to synaptic mitochondrial depolarization. The activation of p53 in the CA1 region highlights its dual role in facilitating apoptosis while also providing neuroprotection. These findings suggest that targeting p53 pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for enhancing synaptic function and protecting against neurodegenerative diseases, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach to modulate its activity for optimal neuronal health.

Background: Ischaemic stroke is a leading cause of physical disability, significantly impacting patients’ independence in daily activities. The inability to perform basic activities of daily living poses a major challenge for post-stroke patients, affecting their quality of life. Discharge planning is a crucial approach in stroke rehabilitation aimed at enhancing patient independence after hospitalisation. This study evaluated the impact of structured discharge planning on the independence of ischaemic stroke patients. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was employed, with the intervention group receiving discharge planning and the control group receiving no intervention. Patient independence was assessed by applying the Barthel Index, evaluating their ability to perform daily activities before and after the intervention. Results: The intervention significantly improved the independence levels of the participants in the intervention group, as measured by the Barthel Index, with their mean score increasing from 2.8 to 11.3. In comparison, the control group also showed improvement, with the mean score rising from 5.7 to 10.1. Conclusion: Discharge planning effectively enhances the independence of patients with ischaemic stroke. Implementing this programme in hospitals is expected to reduce patient dependency and improve the quality of life.