Psidium guajava (guava) is well known tropic tree which is abundantly grown for fruit. Many countries have a long history of using guava for medicinal purposes. This plant finds applications for the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, gastroenteritis, hypertension, diabetes, caries and pain relief and for improvement in locomotors coordination. Its leaf’s extract is being used as a medicine in cough, diarrhea, and oral ulcers and in some swollen gums wound. Its fruit is rich in vitamins A, C, iron, phosphorus and calcium and minerals. It contains high content of organic and inorganic compounds like secondary metabolites e.g. antioxidants, polyphenols, antiviral compounds, anti-inflammatory compounds. The phenolic compounds in guava help to cure cancerous cells and prevent skin aging before time. The presence of terpenes, caryophyllene oxide and p-selinene produces relaxation effects. Guava leaves contain many compounds which act as fungistatic and bacteriostatic agents. Guava has a high content of important antioxidants and has radio-protective ability. Quercetin is considered as most active antioxidant in the guava leaves and is responsible for its spasmolytic activity. Its ethyl acetate extract can stop the germ infection and thymus production. Guava possesses anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-plaque and anti-mutagenic activities. Guava extract shows antinociceptive activity and is also effective in liver damage inflammation and serum production. Ethanolic extract of guava can increase the sperm quality as well as quantity and can be used for the treatment of infertile males.

A palladium complex, [KLCSS]₂Pd (1), has been prepared by stirring sarcosine (HLH), KOH and CS₂ in methanol and subsequently treating with palladium(II) chloride. Six heterobimetallic derivatives of the type [R₂(Cl)SnLCS₂]₂Pd (R = Me: 2; Bu: 3; Ph: 4)/[R₃SnLCS₂]₂Pd (R = Me: 5; Bu: 6; Ph: 7) were also synthesized by stirring sarcosine (HLH) with KOH and CS₂ in methanol followed by an addition of R₂SnCl₂/R₃SnCl and then PdCl₂. FT-IR data demonstrated bidentate binding of dithiocarbamate and carboxylate with four- and five-coordinate environments around Pd(II) and Sn(IV) centers, respectively, in the solid state. UV–visible studies verified the square planar arrangement around Pd(II) in solution. The magnitude of ²J(¹¹⁹Sn-¹H) demonstrates a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry around tin(IV) in solution. Elemental analysis (C, H, N, and S), mass spectroscopic (EI-MS and ESI), and thermogravimetric analyses verified the chemical composition of products. Complexes 1–7 exhibited interaction with salmon sperm DNA (SS-DNA). The palladium complex 1 had shown higher potential to bind with SS-DNA and to inhibit the alkaline phosphatase when compared to the heteronuclear products (2–7). However, the antifungal/antibacterial activities of the bimetallic complexes (2–7) were significantly higher than the palladated derivative 1. The in vitro hemolytic activity investigations on human red blood cells showed that bimetallic derivative 2 with chlorodimethyltin(IV) exhibited the lowest hemolytic effects (17.55%), while 5 having trimethyltin(IV) center exhibited the highest hemolytic activity (78.64%). A palladium complex and its heterobimetallic (Sn, Pd) derivatives were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and thermogravimetric analyses. The palladium complex showed higher potential to bind with SS-DNA and to inhibit the alkaline phosphatase (ALPs) relative to the heteronuclear products (2–7). However, the bimetallic derivatives displayed significantly higher antifungal/antibacterial activities than the palladium complex 1.

An eco-friendly synthetic route was developed for the formation of nickel oxide (NiO_aq and NiO_et) nanoparticles (NPs) by treating Ni(NO₃)₂.6H₂O with aqueous/ethanolic extracts of Elettaria cardamomum leaves; the same reaction was performed in the presence of graphene oxide (GO) to produce NiO_aq@GO and NiO_et@GO nanocomposites (NCs), respectively. The NMs were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, UV–visible spectroscopy, and TGA-DSC analysis. They were also subjected to electrochemical investigations and photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet (CV) dye. XRD analysis revealed the average crystallite sizes of 8.84–14.07 nm with a face-centered cubic form of NiO NPs and a hexagonal structure of their nanocomposites with GO. FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Ni-O vibrations at 443-436 cm⁻¹. SEM images confirmed the spherical morphology of NiO NPs while NiO_aq@GO NCs contained randomly aggregated, thin, and wrinkled graphene sheets. NiO_aq and NiO_et have shown particle sizes of 27.7–30.63 nm which were decreased to 19.33–26.39 nm in their respective NiO_aq@GO and NiO_et@GO NCs. EDX spectra verified the homogeneous distribution of elements (Ni, O, C) on the surface of the particles. The synthesized NCs have shown smaller band gaps (NiO_aq@GO = 3.74 eV; NiO_et@GO = 3.34 eV) as compared to their respective NPs (NiO_aq = 5.0 eV; NiO_et = 3.89 eV). TGA/DSC data was used to find the thermal stabilities, glass transition temperatures, and enthalpies. Cyclic voltammetry measurements exhibited distinct oxidation and reduction peaks. NCs exhibited better potential as electrode materials for supercapacitor applications as compared to their respective NPs. NiO_et@GO exhibited the best electrochemical performance and photocatalytic degradation efficiency of CV dye. After 120 min exposure to sunlight, the degradation coefficient of CV was observed to be 82.93, 86.34, 89.99, 90.27 and 81.65 % in the presence of NiO_aq, NiO_et, NiO_aq@GO, NiO_et@GO and GO, respectively.

The present study was conducted to review the phytochemical composition, as well as nutritional and pharmacological values of Allium cepa L. (Onion). Onion is cultivated all over the world. Onion bulbs are composed of polysaccharides such as peptides, fructans, flavonoids (mostly quercetin), saccharose and organosulfur compounds having salutary effects on human health. Onion is beneficial for human health since it has a high nutritional value. The nutritional constituents of an onion bulb are crude oil, vitamin E, sodium, potassium, and zinc. The onion bulb has the potential to reduce diseases such as stomach cancer, osteoporosis, and brain cancer in human beings. Additionally, onion is antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-scar, antispasmodic, antiseptic, anti-genotoxic, anti-mutagenic, diuretic, anti-parasitic, antimicrobial, antipyretic, and analgesic. Copyright(c) The Authors