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Stephan Wasielewski; Eduard Rott; Ralf Minke; Heidrun Steinmetz. Correction: Wasielewski, S., et al. Evaluation of Different Clinoptilolite Zeolites as Adsorbent for Ammonium Removal from Highly Concentrated Synthetic Wastewater. Water 2018, 10, 584. Water 2021, 13, 402 .
AMA StyleStephan Wasielewski, Eduard Rott, Ralf Minke, Heidrun Steinmetz. Correction: Wasielewski, S., et al. Evaluation of Different Clinoptilolite Zeolites as Adsorbent for Ammonium Removal from Highly Concentrated Synthetic Wastewater. Water 2018, 10, 584. Water. 2021; 13 (4):402.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStephan Wasielewski; Eduard Rott; Ralf Minke; Heidrun Steinmetz. 2021. "Correction: Wasielewski, S., et al. Evaluation of Different Clinoptilolite Zeolites as Adsorbent for Ammonium Removal from Highly Concentrated Synthetic Wastewater. Water 2018, 10, 584." Water 13, no. 4: 402.
Global trends such as climate change and the scarcity of sustainable raw materials require adaptive, more flexible and resource-saving wastewater infrastructures for rural areas. Since 2018, in the community Reinighof, an isolated site in the countryside of Rhineland Palatinate (Germany), an autarkic, decentralized wastewater treatment and phosphorus recovery concept has been developed, implemented and tested. While feces are composted, an easy-to-operate system for producing struvite as a mineral fertilizer was developed and installed to recover phosphorus from urine. The nitrogen-containing supernatant of this process stage is treated in a special soil filter and afterwards discharged to a constructed wetland for grey water treatment, followed by an evaporation pond. To recover more than 90% of the phosphorus contained in the urine, the influence of the magnesium source, the dosing strategy, the molar ratio of Mg:P and the reaction and sedimentation time were investigated. The results show that, with a long reaction time of 1.5 h and a molar ratio of Mg:P above 1.3, constraints concerning magnesium source can be overcome and a stable process can be achieved even under varying boundary conditions. Within the special soil filter, the high ammonium nitrogen concentrations of over 3000 mg/L in the supernatant of the struvite reactor were considerably reduced. In the effluent of the following constructed wetland for grey water treatment, the ammonium-nitrogen concentrations were below 1 mg/L. This resource efficient decentralized wastewater treatment is self-sufficient, produces valuable fertilizer and does not need a centralized wastewater system as back up. It has high potential to be transferred to other rural communities.
Jingsi Xiao; Ulrike Alewell; Ingo Bruch; Heidrun Steinmetz. Development of a Self-Sustaining Wastewater Treatment with Phosphorus Recovery for Small Rural Settlements. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1363 .
AMA StyleJingsi Xiao, Ulrike Alewell, Ingo Bruch, Heidrun Steinmetz. Development of a Self-Sustaining Wastewater Treatment with Phosphorus Recovery for Small Rural Settlements. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1363.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJingsi Xiao; Ulrike Alewell; Ingo Bruch; Heidrun Steinmetz. 2021. "Development of a Self-Sustaining Wastewater Treatment with Phosphorus Recovery for Small Rural Settlements." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1363.
Sludge water (SW) arising from the dewatering of anaerobic digested sludge causes high back loads of ammonium, leading to high stress (inhibition of the activity of microorganisms by an oversupply of nitrogen compounds (substrate inhibition)) for wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). On the other hand, ammonium is a valuable resource to substitute ammonia from the energy intensive Haber-Bosch process for fertilizer production. Within this work, it was investigated to what extent and under which conditions Carpathian clinoptilolite powder (CCP 20) can be used to remove ammonium from SW and to recover it. Two different SW, originating from municipal WWTPs were investigated (SW1: c0 = 967 mg/L NH4-N, municipal wastewater; SW2: c0 = 718–927 mg/L NH4-N, large industrial wastewater share). The highest loading was achieved at 307 K with 16.1 mg/g (SW1) and 15.3 mg/g (SW2) at 295 K. Kinetic studies with different specific dosages (0.05 gCLI/mgNH4-N), temperatures (283–307 K) and pre-loaded CCP 20 (0–11.4 mg/g) were conducted. At a higher temperature a higher load was achieved. Already after 30 min contact time, regardless of the sludge water, a high load up to 7.15 mg/g at 307 K was reached, achieving equilibrium after 120 min. Pre-loaded sorbent could be further loaded with ammonium when it was recontacted with the SW.
Stephan Wasielewski; Eduard Rott; Ralf Minke; Heidrun Steinmetz. Application of Natural Clinoptilolite for Ammonium Removal from Sludge Water. Molecules 2020, 26, 114 .
AMA StyleStephan Wasielewski, Eduard Rott, Ralf Minke, Heidrun Steinmetz. Application of Natural Clinoptilolite for Ammonium Removal from Sludge Water. Molecules. 2020; 26 (1):114.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStephan Wasielewski; Eduard Rott; Ralf Minke; Heidrun Steinmetz. 2020. "Application of Natural Clinoptilolite for Ammonium Removal from Sludge Water." Molecules 26, no. 1: 114.
To achieve the Paris climate protection goals there is an urgent need for action in the energy sector. Innovative concepts in the fields of short-term flexibility, long-term energy storage and energy conversion are required to defossilize all sectors by 2040. Water management is already involved in this field with biogas production and power generation and partly with using flexibility options. However, further steps are possible. Additionally, from a water management perspective, the elimination of organic micropollutants (OMP) is increasingly important. In this feasibility study a concept is presented, reacting to energy surplus and deficits from the energy grid and thus providing the needed long-term storage in combination with the elimination of OMP in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The concept is based on the operation of an electrolyzer, driven by local power production on the plant (photovoltaic (PV), combined heat and power plant (CHP)-units) as well as renewable energy from the grid (to offer system service: automatic frequency restoration reserve (aFRR)), to produce hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen is fed into the local gas grid and oxygen used for micropollutant removal via upgrading it to ozone. The feasibility of such a concept was examined for the WWTP in Mainz (Germany). It has been shown that despite partially unfavorable boundary conditions concerning renewable surplus energy in the grid, implementing electrolysis operated with regenerative energy in combination with micropollutant removal using ozonation and activated carbon filter is a reasonable and sustainable option for both, the climate and water protection.
Oliver Gretzschel; Michael Schäfer; Heidrun Steinmetz; Erich Pick; Kim Kanitz; Stefan Krieger. Advanced Wastewater Treatment to Eliminate Organic Micropollutants in Wastewater Treatment Plants in Combination with Energy-Efficient Electrolysis at WWTP Mainz. Energies 2020, 13, 3599 .
AMA StyleOliver Gretzschel, Michael Schäfer, Heidrun Steinmetz, Erich Pick, Kim Kanitz, Stefan Krieger. Advanced Wastewater Treatment to Eliminate Organic Micropollutants in Wastewater Treatment Plants in Combination with Energy-Efficient Electrolysis at WWTP Mainz. Energies. 2020; 13 (14):3599.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOliver Gretzschel; Michael Schäfer; Heidrun Steinmetz; Erich Pick; Kim Kanitz; Stefan Krieger. 2020. "Advanced Wastewater Treatment to Eliminate Organic Micropollutants in Wastewater Treatment Plants in Combination with Energy-Efficient Electrolysis at WWTP Mainz." Energies 13, no. 14: 3599.
The development of a power system based on high shares of renewable energy sources puts high demands on power grids and the remaining controllable power generation plants, load management and the storage of energy. To reach climate protection goals and a significant reduction of CO2, surplus energies from fluctuating renewables have to be used to defossilize not only the power production sector but the mobility, heat and industry sectors as well, which is called sector coupling. In this article, the role of wastewater treatment plants by means of sector coupling is pictured, discussed and evaluated. The results show significant synergies—for example, using electrical surplus energy to produce hydrogen and oxygen with an electrolyzer to use them for long-term storage and enhancing purification processes on the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Furthermore, biofuels and storable methane gas can be produced or integrate the WWTP into a local heating network. An interconnection in many fields of different research sectors are given and show that a practical utilization is possible and reasonable for WWTPs to contribute with sustainable energy concepts to defossilization.
Michael Schäfer; Oliver Gretzschel; Heidrun Steinmetz. The Possible Roles of Wastewater Treatment Plants in Sector Coupling. Energies 2020, 13, 2088 .
AMA StyleMichael Schäfer, Oliver Gretzschel, Heidrun Steinmetz. The Possible Roles of Wastewater Treatment Plants in Sector Coupling. Energies. 2020; 13 (8):2088.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Schäfer; Oliver Gretzschel; Heidrun Steinmetz. 2020. "The Possible Roles of Wastewater Treatment Plants in Sector Coupling." Energies 13, no. 8: 2088.
Carsten Meyer; Volker Preyl; Heidrun Steinmetz; Werner Maier; Ralph-Edgar Mohn; Harald Schönberger; Tyler Pierson. The Stuttgart Process (Germany). Phosphorus: Polluter and Resource of the Future – Removal and Recovery from Wastewater 2018, 375 -390.
AMA StyleCarsten Meyer, Volker Preyl, Heidrun Steinmetz, Werner Maier, Ralph-Edgar Mohn, Harald Schönberger, Tyler Pierson. The Stuttgart Process (Germany). Phosphorus: Polluter and Resource of the Future – Removal and Recovery from Wastewater. 2018; ():375-390.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarsten Meyer; Volker Preyl; Heidrun Steinmetz; Werner Maier; Ralph-Edgar Mohn; Harald Schönberger; Tyler Pierson. 2018. "The Stuttgart Process (Germany)." Phosphorus: Polluter and Resource of the Future – Removal and Recovery from Wastewater , no. : 375-390.
The Stuttgart Process for nutrient recovery aims to produce struvite as fertilizer from digested sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) with chemical phosphorus removal. This chapter deals with the detailed description of the experiences with a pilot-scale test plant and its process operation, the latest process optimizations, as well as operational performance data, i.e., phosphorus recovery rates, recyclate product quality, required operational supplements, and costs. The results show that depending on the chemicals used for phosphorus elimination and on the process boundary conditions (especially pH value for dissolving phosphorus from the sewage sludge), different amounts of phosphorus can be recovered. With acidic leaching at pH of approximately 3, it is possible to gain recovery rates of more than 65% as struvite with high purity and very low contents of heavy metals and recalcitrant organic compounds. Additional operating costs for the Stuttgarter process would increase wastewater feed of about 0.15 €/m3.
Carsten Meyer; Volker Preyl; Heidrun Steinmetz; Werner Maier; Ralph-Edgar Mohn; Harald Schönberger. The Stuttgart Process (Germany). Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling 2018, 283 -295.
AMA StyleCarsten Meyer, Volker Preyl, Heidrun Steinmetz, Werner Maier, Ralph-Edgar Mohn, Harald Schönberger. The Stuttgart Process (Germany). Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling. 2018; ():283-295.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarsten Meyer; Volker Preyl; Heidrun Steinmetz; Werner Maier; Ralph-Edgar Mohn; Harald Schönberger. 2018. "The Stuttgart Process (Germany)." Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling , no. : 283-295.
The supply of food to the growing world population requires an increasing amount of nitrogen fertilizers, which can be achieved both by the energy-intensive Haber–Bosch process and by recovering ammonium from wastewater. Within the scope of this work, it is investigated to what extent different clinoptilolites (CLIs) can be used as ion-exchangers for the removal of ammonium from highly concentrated solutions. To this end, finely ground CLIs with different grain sizes (EcoZeo 20 and CCP 20: 0–20 µm, Micro 200: 0–200 µm) were tested for their sorption properties by varying the parameters of the sorption solution (c0 = 1000 mg NH4-N/L) such as pH, temperature, or contact time. All three CLIs tested were effective at adsorbing ammonium. In a pH range from 2 to 8, all CLIs were able to eliminate ammonium equally well. Furthermore, a contact time of 60 min was sufficient to achieve 84–88% of the maximum load. At a temperature of 34 °C, the highest loading was achieved (investigated range: 10–34 °C), indicating that the adsorption process of all CLIs was exergonic and endothermic. Especially for wastewater streams with high ammonium concentrations such as sludge water from wastewater treatment plants, CLI proved to be suitable to adsorb ammonium.
Stephan Wasielewski; Eduard Rott; Ralf Minke; Heidrun Steinmetz. Evaluation of Different Clinoptilolite Zeolites as Adsorbent for Ammonium Removal from Highly Concentrated Synthetic Wastewater. Water 2018, 10, 584 .
AMA StyleStephan Wasielewski, Eduard Rott, Ralf Minke, Heidrun Steinmetz. Evaluation of Different Clinoptilolite Zeolites as Adsorbent for Ammonium Removal from Highly Concentrated Synthetic Wastewater. Water. 2018; 10 (5):584.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStephan Wasielewski; Eduard Rott; Ralf Minke; Heidrun Steinmetz. 2018. "Evaluation of Different Clinoptilolite Zeolites as Adsorbent for Ammonium Removal from Highly Concentrated Synthetic Wastewater." Water 10, no. 5: 584.
This work describes the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) as a side stream process on a municipal waste water treatment plant (WWTP) and a subsequent analysis of the production potential in Germany and the European Union (EU). Therefore, tests with different types of sludge from a WWTP were investigated regarding their volatile fatty acids (VFA) production-potential. Afterwards, primary sludge was used as substrate to test a series of operating conditions (temperature, pH, retention time (RT) and withdrawal (WD)) in order to find suitable settings for a high and stable VFA production. In a second step, various tests regarding a high PHA production and stable PHA composition to determine the influence of substrate concentration, temperature, pH and cycle time of an installed feast/famine-regime were conducted. Experiments with a semi-continuous reactor operation showed that a short RT of 4 days and a small WD of 25% at pH = 6 and around 30 °C is preferable for a high VFA production rate (PR) of 1913 mgVFA/(L×d) and a stable VFA composition. A high PHA production up to 28.4% of cell dry weight (CDW) was reached at lower substrate concentration, 20 °C, neutral pH-value and a 24 h cycle time. A final step a potential analysis, based on the results and detailed data from German waste water treatment plants, showed that the theoretically possible production of biopolymers in Germany amounts to more than 19% of the 2016 worldwide biopolymer production. In addition, a profound estimation regarding the EU showed that in theory about 120% of the worldwide biopolymer production (in 2016) could be produced on European waste water treatment plants.
Timo Pittmann; Heidrun Steinmetz. Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production on Waste Water Treatment Plants: Process Scheme, Operating Conditions and Potential Analysis for German and European Municipal Waste Water Treatment Plants. Bioengineering 2017, 4, 54 .
AMA StyleTimo Pittmann, Heidrun Steinmetz. Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production on Waste Water Treatment Plants: Process Scheme, Operating Conditions and Potential Analysis for German and European Municipal Waste Water Treatment Plants. Bioengineering. 2017; 4 (4):54.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTimo Pittmann; Heidrun Steinmetz. 2017. "Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production on Waste Water Treatment Plants: Process Scheme, Operating Conditions and Potential Analysis for German and European Municipal Waste Water Treatment Plants." Bioengineering 4, no. 4: 54.
Asya Drenkova-Tuhtan; Michael Schneider; Carsten Meyer; Matthias Franzreb; Carsten Gellermann; Karl Mandel; Heidrun Steinmetz. Polishing of secondary wastewater effluents through elimination and recovery of dissolved phosphorus with reusable magnetic microsorbents. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2017, 2017, 169 -181.
AMA StyleAsya Drenkova-Tuhtan, Michael Schneider, Carsten Meyer, Matthias Franzreb, Carsten Gellermann, Karl Mandel, Heidrun Steinmetz. Polishing of secondary wastewater effluents through elimination and recovery of dissolved phosphorus with reusable magnetic microsorbents. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation. 2017; 2017 (3):169-181.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsya Drenkova-Tuhtan; Michael Schneider; Carsten Meyer; Matthias Franzreb; Carsten Gellermann; Karl Mandel; Heidrun Steinmetz. 2017. "Polishing of secondary wastewater effluents through elimination and recovery of dissolved phosphorus with reusable magnetic microsorbents." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2017, no. 3: 169-181.
We present investigations on the working principle of a new adsorber for the recycling of phosphate from waste water.
Michael Schneider; Asya Drenkova-Tuhtan; Wojciech Szczerba; Carsten Gellermann; Carsten Meyer; Heidrun Steinmetz; Karl Mandel; Gerhard Sextl. Nanostructured ZnFeZr oxyhydroxide precipitate as efficient phosphate adsorber in waste water: understanding the role of different material-building-blocks. Environmental Science: Nano 2016, 4, 180 -190.
AMA StyleMichael Schneider, Asya Drenkova-Tuhtan, Wojciech Szczerba, Carsten Gellermann, Carsten Meyer, Heidrun Steinmetz, Karl Mandel, Gerhard Sextl. Nanostructured ZnFeZr oxyhydroxide precipitate as efficient phosphate adsorber in waste water: understanding the role of different material-building-blocks. Environmental Science: Nano. 2016; 4 (1):180-190.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Schneider; Asya Drenkova-Tuhtan; Wojciech Szczerba; Carsten Gellermann; Carsten Meyer; Heidrun Steinmetz; Karl Mandel; Gerhard Sextl. 2016. "Nanostructured ZnFeZr oxyhydroxide precipitate as efficient phosphate adsorber in waste water: understanding the role of different material-building-blocks." Environmental Science: Nano 4, no. 1: 180-190.
Biopolymers, which are made of renewable raw materials and/or biodegradable residual materials present a possible alternative to common plastic. A potential analysis, based on experimental results in laboratory scale and detailed data from German waste water treatment plants, showed that the theoretically possible production of biopolymers in Germany amounts to more than 20% of the 2015 worldwide biopolymer production. In addition a profound estimation regarding all European Union member states showed that theoretically about 115% of the actual worldwide biopolymer production could be produced on European waste water treatment plants. With an upgraded biopolymer production and a theoretically reachable biopolymer proportion of around 60% of the cell dry weight a total of 1,794,656tPHAa or approximately 236% of today's biopolymer production could be produced on waste water treatment plants in the European Union, using primary sludge as raw material only.
T. Pittmann; H. Steinmetz. Potential for polyhydroxyalkanoate production on German or European municipal waste water treatment plants. Bioresource Technology 2016, 214, 9 -15.
AMA StyleT. Pittmann, H. Steinmetz. Potential for polyhydroxyalkanoate production on German or European municipal waste water treatment plants. Bioresource Technology. 2016; 214 ():9-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleT. Pittmann; H. Steinmetz. 2016. "Potential for polyhydroxyalkanoate production on German or European municipal waste water treatment plants." Bioresource Technology 214, no. : 9-15.
An innovative nanocomposite material is proposed for phosphate recovery from wastewater using magnetic assistance. Superparamagnetic microparticles modified with layered double hydroxide (LDH) ion exchangers of various compositions act as phosphate adsorbers. Magnetic separation and chemical regeneration of the particles allows their reuse, leading to the successful recovery of phosphate. Based upon the preliminary screening of different LDH ion exchanger modifications for phosphate selectivity and uptake capacity, MgFe-Zr LDH coated magnetic particles were chosen for further characterization and application. The adsorption kinetics of phosphate from municipal wastewater was studied in dependence with particle concentration, contact time and pH. Adsorption isotherms were then determined for the selected particle system. Recovery of phosphate and regeneration of the particles was examined via testing a variety of desorption solutions. Reusability of the particles was dem onstrated for 15 adsorption/desorption cycles. Adsorption in the range of 75-97% was achieved in each cycle after 1 h contact time. Phosphate recovery and enrichment was possible through repetitive application of the desorption solution. Finally, a pilot scale experiment was carried out by treating 125 L of wastewater with the particles in five subsequent 25 L batches. Solid-liquid separation on this scale was carried out with a high-gradient magnetic filter (HGMF)
Asya Drenkova-Tuhtan; Karl Mandel; Anja Paulus; Carsten Meyer; Frank Hutter; Carsten Gellermann; Gerhard Sextl; Matthias Franzreb; Heidrun Steinmetz. Phosphate recovery from wastewater using engineered superparamagnetic particles modified with layered double hydroxide ion exchangers. Water Research 2013, 47, 5670 -5677.
AMA StyleAsya Drenkova-Tuhtan, Karl Mandel, Anja Paulus, Carsten Meyer, Frank Hutter, Carsten Gellermann, Gerhard Sextl, Matthias Franzreb, Heidrun Steinmetz. Phosphate recovery from wastewater using engineered superparamagnetic particles modified with layered double hydroxide ion exchangers. Water Research. 2013; 47 (15):5670-5677.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsya Drenkova-Tuhtan; Karl Mandel; Anja Paulus; Carsten Meyer; Frank Hutter; Carsten Gellermann; Gerhard Sextl; Matthias Franzreb; Heidrun Steinmetz. 2013. "Phosphate recovery from wastewater using engineered superparamagnetic particles modified with layered double hydroxide ion exchangers." Water Research 47, no. 15: 5670-5677.
Demet Antakyal; Bertram Kuch; Volker Preyl; Heidrun Steinmetz. Effect of Micropollutants in Wastewater on Recovered Struvite. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2011, 2011, 575 -582.
AMA StyleDemet Antakyal, Bertram Kuch, Volker Preyl, Heidrun Steinmetz. Effect of Micropollutants in Wastewater on Recovered Struvite. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation. 2011; 2011 (1):575-582.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDemet Antakyal; Bertram Kuch; Volker Preyl; Heidrun Steinmetz. 2011. "Effect of Micropollutants in Wastewater on Recovered Struvite." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2011, no. 1: 575-582.