Objective: to measure the HPV vaccination rate and knowledge about HPV and its vaccine among foreign-born college students; additionally, to measure the effect of acculturation and HBM constructs on the HPV vaccination behavior among foreign-born college students. Methods: a cross-sectional design with a non-probability sample of foreign-born college students was collected via a web-based self-administered survey that measured the HPV vaccination rate, assessed knowledge about HPV and its vaccine, and evaluated the effect of acculturation and HBM constructs on HPV vaccination behavior among foreign-born college students. Results: Foreign-born college students had moderate knowledge about HPV and the HPV vaccine, and about 63% were HPV-vaccinated. Perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, and cues to action were significantly associated with the HPV vaccination behavior, while knowledge levels about HPV and the HPV vaccine and acculturation levels were not significantly associated with the HPV vaccination behavior of foreign-born college students. Conclusions: The current study shows a moderate vaccination rate and moderate knowledge about HPV and its vaccine among foreign-born college students. Additionally, vaccination campaigns need to increase awareness about the susceptibility to acquiring HPV and minimize the barriers to receiving the vaccine to increase the HPV vaccination rate among foreign-born college students.

Background: Digital Health innovative technologies, encompassing eHealth, mHealth, e-learning, tele-health, artificial intelligence (AI), tele-medicine, tele pharmacy, virtual reality, and augmented reality, are increasingly incorporated into learning and pharmacy education to prepare students for a Digital healthcare environment. However, evidence on the impact and implementation of these technologies still needs to be explored.Objective: The current scoping review collates and appraises the impact of Digital Health on pharmacy education, evaluating effects on learning outcomes, skill development, competencies, and readiness for tele pharmacy and Digital Health application transformations. The primary objective was to explore the impact of Digital Health (eHealth, mHealth, e learning, telehealth, AI, telemedicine, tele pharmacy, VR, ML, and AR) in pharmacy education via structured scoping review reporting.Methods: A systematic search following PRISMA guidelines conducted across databases, including Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for recent papers published on Digital Health in pharmacy education from 2019 to 2024. Post-screening, 47 studies met the final criteria.Results: 47 studies were included in the current scoping review. Five themes emerged (1) Curriculum integration and transformation in pharmacy education; (2) Digital literacy (competency development); (3) Tele pharmacy (remote health services and AI) in education; (4) Practical skill development (interactive learning through Digital tools) and (5) Student and faculty perceptions, attitudes, and challenges in adopting Digital Health. Digital Health integration improves students’ Digital competence, engagement, and tele pharmacy readiness, though gaps remain in curriculum standardization. Regional disparities show integration, which more advanced in Western programs, while foundational efforts seen in Asian, Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regions. The current review emphasized the importance of faculty developing, workload integration, regional disparities, and ethical concerns with AI and challenges in hybrid learning.Conclusion: Digital Health has been an innovator in pharmacy students’ education, equipping them with the skills and competences required in today’s healthcare environment. However, faculty development, curriculum gaps, workload integration, insufficient telehealth training, regional disparities, and inadequate AI ethics instruction all point to the need for adequate and relevant curriculum modifications to qualify graduates to deal with Digital healthcare challenges.

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the potential benefits of luteolin treatment in Huntington's disease (HD), an inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorder.Methods: HD N171‐82Q transgenic and WT mice received luteolin or vehicle for treatment at 6 weeks of age. The mice's body weight changes and survival rates were monitored throughout the study, and a series of motor functional tests were conducted. Serum level of the marker NfL was also determined. Immunohistochemical staining and western blotting were utilized to assess the expression of huntingtin aggregates.Results: Luteolin treatment enhanced survival and prevented weight loss in HD mice compared to the vehicle‐treated HD group. Furthermore, the luteolin‐treated HD mice exhibited enhanced motor coordination and balance and significantly reduced motor dysfunction. Also, luteolin decreased serum NfL levels in HD mice. Notably, the accumulation of huntingtin aggregates was significantly reduced in the brain's cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of luteolin‐treated HD mice compared to the vehicle‐treated HD group.Conclusion: Luteolin holds promise as a therapeutic agent for improving survival outcomes, managing motor dysfunction, and reducing huntingtin aggregates in HD. The findings are of significance as currently, there are no approved therapeutic interventions that reverse HD pathology or slow down its progression.

Objective: To evaluate knowledge about HPV and its vaccine, additionally, to examine the effect of knowledge about HPV and its vaccine on perceived benefits and barriers to HPV vaccination among individuals in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed in the western region of Saudi Arabia through a self-administered web-based survey. The survey assessed knowledge, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers to HPV vaccination. Results: A total of 1149 eligible participants completed the survey. Participants exhibited limited knowledge of HPV and its vaccine, with an average total score of 4.76 out of 15. Over 80% of participants were unaware that HPV may not show symptoms, cannot lead to HIV, and is not treatable with antibiotics. Over half were unaware that HPV can cause cervical cancer, oral cancer, or genital warts. Unmarried and graduate-educated participants demonstrated greater knowledge. Perceived benefits were positively associated with knowledge levels, while perceived barriers were negatively associated with knowledge levels after controlling for other variables. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for education and healthcare efforts to raise knowledge about HPV and its vaccine in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Also, this study indicated that enhanced knowledge boosts positive attitudes towards HPV vaccination, while reducing perceived barriers, thereby increasing vaccination rates.

Antimicrobial selection, prescribing, and resistance are global health issues resulting from the overuse and misuse of antimicrobials in the healthcare and

Background: Over the counter (OTC) medications are readily accessible to the public and can be obtained without a prescription for self-care. Ensuring their safe and effective use is essential to safeguarding the well-being of the region’s diverse population. This research explores public attitudes and behaviors toward OTC medications in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia in order to inform and advance public health initiatives. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia. A validated questionnaire was used to survey 200 respondents. The collected data were analyzed using frequencies and percentages. The demographic–OTC medication purchase relationship was examined using the chi-square test. Results: Among the 200 participants, 79.5% were aware of potential drug interactions, and 74% supported stricter regulations on OTC sales. However, only 29.5% believed OTC medications are generally safe without a doctor’s prescription. Notably, 15.5% reported exceeding recommended dosages, and 66% admitted sharing medications. Participants commonly relied on healthcare professionals for advice (64.6%). Despite moderate knowledge, many exhibited risky behaviors, highlighting gaps in consumer awareness and safety practices. Conclusions: It is critical to determine the degree of public knowledge in this field in order to identify gaps in consumer awareness of OTC medications and specific areas that may demand targeted educational programs in Saudi Arabia. Information on potential side effects and circumstances that exclude the use of over the counter medications must also be examined. Attitudes towards symptom management and a tendency for self-medication may influence the use of OTC as an alternative to seeking medical advice.