The present work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of whole grain consumption in preventing colorectal cancer. A systematic review with meta-analysis of 11 cohort studies was carried out. The age group of the population studied (1,719,590 participants) was between 25 and 76 years of age. The review evaluated the relative risks with the Cox proportional hazard model. The period of study varied from 6 to 16 years, where 7,745 persons developed colorectal cancer during the follow-up period. In the multivariate analysis, the highest quintile relative risk was 0.94 (95% confidence interval, 0.85–1.03), whereas that for the lowest quintile was 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.88–1.04). The location of tumors was also evaluated, with tumors in the colon demonstrating a relative risk of 0.93 (95% confidence interval, 0.83–1.02) and tumors in the recto a relative risk equal to 0.89 (95% confidence interval, 0.79–1.00). In this multivariate analysis, consumption of whole grains was inversely associated with the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Purpose: To identify risk groups for oropharyngeal dysphagia in hospitalized patients in a university hospital.

Evidence-based strategies to improve the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination coverage rates might help to reduce the burden caused by co-infection with HBV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In this study, the aim was to evaluate the vaccination coverage and immunity against HBV among HIV-infected individuals in South Brazil, and identify factors that are associated with compliance patterns and antibody reactivity. Three hundred HIV-infected men and women were included in this survey. The patients answered a standardized questionnaire, and vaccination cards were checked in order to assess hepatitis B vaccine status. A blood sample was collected for quantitative determination of antibody to hepatitis B virus surface antigen (anti-HBs). Participants were also evaluated for their CD4 cell count and HIV viral load. The overall vaccination coverage of HBV vaccination found in this study (57.4%) was lower than that was previously reported in South Brazil. Anti-HBs levels >10IU/L were observed in 47.0% of the studied population. A significant inequality in the coverage rates and antibody reactivity was found in favor of patients with better economic status. In conclusion, the results indicate the need for improvement in the HBV vaccination coverage among HIV carriers, in particular focusing on low-income individuals.

Os extratos obtidos pela maceração em CHCl3/MeOH (2:1) de 8 amostras de espécies medicinais e 11 amostras comerciais de chás foram analisados por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD). Glicolipídios foram detectados em todas as amostras, porém com diferenças quali-quantitativas. Para as plantas medicinais, a maior concentração de glicolipídios foi detectada em Lippia alba e Cymbopogon citratus, enquanto em amostras comerciais, o melhor perfil glicolipídico foi encontrado nos extratos de C. citratus e Baccharis trimera. The extracts obtained by maceration in CHCl3/MeOH (2:1) of 8 medicinal plants and 11 commercial samples (tea bags) were analysed by thin-layer chromatography. Glycolipids were detected in all the samples, with qualitative and quantitative differences. For the medicinal plants, the highest concentrations were detected in Lippia alba and Cymbopogon citratus. For the commercial samples, the best glycolipidic profiles were found in C. citratus and Baccharis trimera extracts