Background Vitamin D plays an essential role in promoting skeletal muscle metabolism. Several studies show that vitamin D may help the elderly prevent sarcopenia. Nevertheless, the outcome remains debatable. Our meta-analysis aimed to summarize the effect of vitamin D supplementation on sarcopenia-related parameters. Methods We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Springer, SAGE Journals, and Scopus abstracts on 10th December 2021 for relevant studies. We included articles that studied the effect of vitamin D on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. The aim was to measure the muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance both at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Results A total of 6,628 participants from 35 studies were included. Most of the studies used oral vitamin D, whereas only one study used intramuscular injection. The effect of vitamin D supplementation showed no effect on appendicular skeletal muscle mass (SMD = .05 [95% CI, .33 – .44], p = .79). Regarding muscle strength, vitamin D supplementation did not have a significant effect on muscle strength which is handgrip strength (p = .26). Respecting physical performance, vitamin D supplementation did not affect TUG (Timed Up and Go) (p = .45). Conclusions Vitamin D supplementation had minimal effect on sarcopenia-related parameters. Further research into understanding the role of Vitamin D in preventing the progressivity of sarcopenia still needs to be explored.

Sarcopenia is common in hemodialysis patients, especially in the elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis. Various factors may contribute to the occurrence of sarcopenia, such as anabolic and catabolic imbalance. This study aims to investigate the correlation of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels as an anabolic factor, myostatin levels, and insulin resistance as catabolic factors with sarcopenia in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia in elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis. A total of 40 subjects aged 60 years or more who undergoing hemodialysis in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya were included in this cross-sectional study. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to Asian Working Group Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. IGF-1, myostatin, and insulin resistance levels were measured once before hemodialysis. Subjects with sarcopenia diagnosis were 33 (82.5%), that is, 19 (47.5%) men and 14 (35%) women. There were 28 (70%) of the subjects diagnosed with severe sarcopenia. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the characteristics and geriatric parameters between the sarcopenia and nonsarcopenia groups. There were differences between the two groups in hemoglobin levels, IGF-1 levels, myostatin levels, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels, muscle mass, handgrip strength, body mass index status, mini nutritional assessment status, and physical activity scale for elderly status (all < 0.05). Correlation analyses showed that IGF-1 levels negatively correlated with sarcopenia status in elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis ( < 0.05). On the contrary, myostatin and HOMA-IR levels were positively correlated with sarcopenia status in elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis (all < 0.05). Based on this recent study, IGF-1, myostatin, and insulin resistance were significantly correlated with sarcopenia in elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Asian working group for sarcopenia (AWGS) recently introduced “possible sarcopenia” diagnosis for early identification of sarcopenia in the primary healthcare. For initial screening, 3 modalities, i.e. calf circumference (CC) measurement, strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls (SARC-F) questionnaire, and a combination of both (SARC-CalF), are recommended. However, no validation study has been done until now. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the recommended screening modalities using data from Indonesia. This cross-sectional study included subjects aged ≥ 60 years old who visited primary healthcare in Surabaya, Indonesia. The diagnosis of possible sarcopenia was confirmed with hand-grip strength and repeated chair stand test. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance. Among 266 subjects, 186 (70%) were diagnosed with possible sarcopenia. Using the recommended cut-off, the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.511, 48.39% and 53.75% for CC, 0.543, 8.60% and 100% for SARC-F, and 0.572, 19.35% and 95% for SACRC-CalF. Our findings indicate that the diagnostic performance of the recommended screening modalities is poor. Multicenter studies from different areas in Indonesia should be done to confirm these findings.

Background: Sarcopenia is a decrease in muscle mass and strength that mostly happens in the elderly. Sarcopenia is a problem that is often found in the elderly who are at risk of disability, hospitalization and death. This data on muscle mass and strength with physical performance is expected to support the theory of sarcopenia and as a reference in promoting and preventing sarcopenia in elderly.Aims: To analyze the association between muscle mass and strength (handgrip strength) with physical performance assessed using Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) in an elderly community.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional observational analytic study involving 203 sample of elderly (age >60 years old). The subjects were categorized as the strong and weak muscle mass and muscle strength, also the high, moderate and low physical performance. We used Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA) and hand dynamometer to measure muscle mass and muscle strength (handgrip strength). SPPB was used to assess physical performance.The association between muscle mass and strength with physical performance was displayed in bivariate analysis with chi square.Result: Of all 203 subjects, 57 were males and 146 were females. Chi square test showed association between muscle strength (handgrip strength) with physical performance (SPPB) (p=0.001), with a weak correlation (r=0.26) and no association between muscle mass and physical performance (SPPB) (p=0.517).Conclusion: There is a positive association between muscle strength with physical performance, with a weak correlation and no association between muscle mass and physical performance in the elderly community in Surabaya.

Background: Sarcopenia is a decrease in muscle mass and strength that mostly happens in the elderly. Sarcopenia is a problem that is often found in the elderly who are at risk of disability, hospitalization and death. This data on muscle mass and strength with physical performance is expected to support the theory of sarcopenia and as a reference in promoting and preventing sarcopenia in elderly.Aims: To analyze the association between muscle mass and strength (handgrip strength) with physical performance assessed using Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) in an elderly community.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional observational analytic study involving 203 sample of elderly (age >60 years old). The subjects were categorized as the strong and weak muscle mass and muscle strength, also the high, moderate and low physical performance. We used Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA) and hand dynamometer to measure muscle mass and muscle strength (handgrip strength). SPPB was used to assess physical performance.The association between muscle mass and strength with physical performance was displayed in bivariate analysis with chi square.Result: Of all 203 subjects, 57 were males and 146 were females. Chi square test showed association between muscle strength (handgrip strength) with physical performance (SPPB) (p=0.001), with a weak correlation (r=0.26) and no association between muscle mass and physical performance (SPPB) (p=0.517).Conclusion: There is a positive association between muscle strength with physical performance, with a weak correlation and no association between muscle mass and physical performance in the elderly community in Surabaya.