La EPA es un profesional de enfermería con formación de posgrado (magíster profesional), que ha adquirido conocimientos expertos, habilidades en la toma de decisiones complejas y competencias clínicas que permiten el ejercicio de una práctica extendida^9,12. Esta última, se entiende como aquella práctica en que la EPA está habilitada para ejercer funciones derivadas del rol médico referidas al diagnóstico y tratamiento de personas con enfermedades agudas o crónicas en condición estable, enmarcadas en un modelo de cuidados de enfermería holístico y centrado en la persona⁹.

Purpose. To know the perceptions of mothers and health professionals in relation to the care provided and received during breastfeeding at primary health care level.Methods. A qualitative exploratory study was conducted with breastfeeding mothers (10) and primary health care professionals (24). Data was gathered through indepth interviews and focus groups. Data analysis was performed through thematic content analysis. The rigor of the study was ensured by the Guba and Lincoln criteria for qualitative research. Ethical aspects were addressed through the informed consent process, confidentiality, and methodological rigor.Results. The experience of providing/receiving breastfeeding support was revealed as a dynamic, multidimensional care and support process, through three central themes: 1. Influence of previous care and support experiences during the breastfeeding process; 2. Importance of the context within which care is framed; and 3. Addressing emotions to establish trust between professionals and mothers.Conclusion. The study findings contribute to further understanding a complex phenomenon, such as breastfeeding support and care for mothers/families, from the experience of the actors involved, deepening the experiences of both in integrated manner. In addition, the relational, organizational, and contextual dimensions that influence support, and that should guide care, are also highlighted.Descriptors: breastfeeding; mothers; primary care nursing; qualitative research.How to cite this article: Lucchini-Raies C, Márquez-Doren F, Garay Unjidos N, Contreras J, Jara D, Calabacero C, et al., Care during Breastfeeding: Perceptions of Mothers and Health Professionals. Invest. Educ. Enferm. 2019; 37(2):e09ReferencesWorld Health Organisation. Infant and young child feeding [Internet]. 2017; (cited 03 May 2019):23–5. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs342/en/ Rosso F, Skarmeta N, Sade A. Informe técnico: Encuesta nacional de la lactancia materna en la atención primaria ENALMA. Chile 2013 [Internet]. Santiago: Ministerio de Salud; 2013. Available from: http://web.minsal.cl/sites/default/files/INFORME_FINAL_ENALMA_2013.pdf Rodríguez L. Situación actual de la lactancia materna y regulación para su protección y promoción. Santaigo; 2017. MINSAL. Prestaciones Chile crece Contigo [Internet]. Santiago: Ministerio de Salud; 2017 [cited 23 Jan. 2017]. p. 7. Available from: http://www.crececontigo.gob.cl/sobre-chile-crece-contigo/que-ofrece/ Balogun O, O’Sullivan E, McFadden A, Ota E, Gavine A, Garner C, et al. Interventions for promoting the initiation of breastfeeding (Review). Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2016; (11):100. Niño MR, Silva GAE. Factores asociados a la lactancia materna exclusiva. Rev. Chil. Pediatr. 2012; 83(2):161–9. Burns E, Schmied V. “The right help at the right time”: Positive constructions of peer and professional support for breastfeeding. Women Birth. 2017; 30(5):389–97. Yang X, Gao L, Ip W-Y, Sally Chan WC. Predictors of breastfeeding self-efficacy in the immediate postpartum period: A cross-sectional study. Midwifery. 2016; 41:1–8. Belintxon-Martín M, Zaragüeta MC, Adrián MC, López-Dicastillo O. El comienzo de la lactancia: Experiencias de madres primerizas. An. Sist. Sanit. Navarra. 2011; 34(3):409–18. Debevec AD, Evanson TA. Improving Breastfeeding Support by Understanding Women’s Perspectives and Emotional Experiences of Breastfeeding. Nurs Womens Health. 2016; 20(5):464–74. Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual. Res. Psychol. 2006; 3(2):77–101. Streubert HJ, Rinaldi Carpenter D. Action Research Method. In: Streubert HJ, Rinaldi Carpenter D, editors. Qualitative Research in Nursing Advancing the Humanistic Imperative. Fifth Edit. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011. p. 300–20. Mastrapa YE, Lamadrid M del PG. Relación enfermera-paciente: una perspectiva desde las teorías de las relaciones interpersonales. Rev. Cubana Enferm. 2016; 32(4):126–36. Grassley JS, Clark M, Schleis J. An Institutional Ethnography of Nurses’ Support of Breastfeeding on the Night Shift. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Neonatal Nurs. 2015; 44(5):567–77. Ratnasari D, Paramashanti BA, Hadi H, Yugistyowati A, Astiti D, Nurhayati E. Family support and exclusive breastfeeding among Yogyakarta mothers in employment. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 2017; 26(May):S31–5. Kronborg H, Harder I, Hall EOC. First time mothers’ experiences of breastfeeding their newborn. Sex. Reprod. Healthc. 2015; 6(2):82–7. Wright AI, Hurst NM. Personal Infant Feeding Experiences of Postpartum Nurses Affect How They Provide Breastfeeding Support. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Neonatal Nurs. 2018; 47(3):342–51. Mujika A, Arantzamendi M, Lopez-Dicastillo O, Forbes A. Health professionals’ personal behaviours hindering health promotion: A study of nurses who smoke. J. Adv. Nurs. 2017; 73(11):2633–41. de Almeida JM, de Araújo Barros Luz S, da Veiga Ued F. Support of breastfeeding by health professionals: integrative review of the literature. Rev. Paul. Pediatr. 2015; 33(3):355–62. Holtzman O, Usherwood T. Australian General Practitioners’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices towards Breastfeeding. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13(2):1–16. Leslie JL, Lonneman W. Promoting Trust in the Registered Nurse- Patient Relationship. Home Healthc. Now. 2016;34(1):38–42. Bandura A. Self-Efficacy. Encycl Hum Behav. 1994; 4(1994):71–81. Brockway M, Benzies K, Hayden KA. Interventions to Improve Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy and Resultant Breastfeeding Rates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Hum. Lact. 2017; 33(3):86-499. Toyama N, Kurihara K, Muranaka M, Kamibeppu K. Factors influencing self-efficacy in breastfeeding support among public health nurses in Japan. Health. 2013;...

In-depth Knowledge of the Role of the Clinical Mentor

Objective . To reveal the meanings attributed by university students to their experience of becoming a mother/father during their studies. Methods . A phenomenological study was conducted with students at a private Chilean University. Sixteen students from different undergraduate careers (eight women and eight men) participated in in-depth interviews, which were recorded. A phenomenological analysis of the data that followed the Streubert method was carried out, ensuring rigor by the criteria established by Guba and Lincoln during the research process. The ethical aspects were addressed through the process of informed consent, confidentiality and methodological rigor. Results . The phenomenon of becoming a mother/father during the university studies was revealed through four central themes: Emotions in conflict; Internal mobilization to address the situation; Position oneself in a new role; and Need for support. The central contribution of the study is the revelation of the transformation process towards the integrated role of father/mother-student. Conclusion . This study provides qualitative evidence that contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the experience of becoming a mother/father during the university studies; concluding that this life experience is presented as a process of role compatibility, which is necessary to support. For this, it is necessary to make visible the role of parents/students in university policies, with the aim of providing concrete support during this process of parallel transition in the lives of young people. Descriptors : qualitative research; students; parents; life change events.

Antecedentes: el contacto piel con piel ha sido una práctica ancestral en toda cultura, que debido a la institucionalización de la atención del parto, disminuyó en occidente. Se retomó en el marco de la atención humanizada del parto. Objetivo principal: determinar los efectos del contacto piel con piel del recién nacido con su madre. Metodología: revisión bibliográfica de 26 estudios. Límites de búsqueda: new borns, humans, clinical trials, de 10 años de publicación, en bases de datos: Pubmed, ProQuest, CINHAL, Lilacs. Resultados principales: Se observaron beneficios en las variables: duración de lactancia materna, comportamiento neurosensorial, regulación de temperatura, como alternativa al cuidado estándar, disminución en días hospitalización y niveles de cortisol, favorecedor de la interacción madre-hijo y desarrollo infantil. Conclusión principal: el contacto piel con piel brinda múltiples beneficios a recién nacidos. Se presenta como alternativa de cuidado segura, factible de implementar.

Introducción: Se ha descrito la existencia de experiencias de la vida de las personas que tienen la capacidad de modular el sistema nervioso, lo que influye directamente en el desarrollo humano. Intervenir oportunamente en la primera infancia tiene el potencial de impactar positivamente en su desarrollo. En esta lógica, la lactancia materna cobra especial protagonismo, ya que aumenta la probabilidad de sobrevivir, brinda una nutrición y estimulación adecuada, favorece un entorno seguro, además de ser un inmenso aporte en el fortalecimiento de los lazos sociales, entre otros beneficios. El apoyo que reciba la madre durante el proceso es fundamental para lograr un amamantamiento exitoso. Objetivo: Develar el significado de la experiencia materna en torno al apoyo en el proceso de amamantamiento. Metodología: Estudio de diseño fenomenológico en el cual se realizó un análisis con datos secundarios, según la perspectiva de Edmund Husserl. Para asegurar el rigor metodológico de esta investigación se aplicaron los criterios de Guba y Lincoln. Los aspectos éticos de la investigación fueron abordados desde los siete requisitos éticos de Ezekiel Emanuel. Resultados: El significado de la experiencia materna en torno al apoyo en el proceso de amamantamiento se develó en cuatro categorías comprensivas: la experiencia materna de amamantamiento, experiencia de apoyo de los profesionales de la salud, experiencia de apoyo de la pareja y experiencia de apoyo de otros familiares. Conclusión: Las tres fuentes de apoyo identificadas nutren y modulan la experiencia de amamantamiento de manera complementaria, por lo que la indivisibilidad de las influencias ejercidas por ellas es una característica constitutiva para que el apoyo sea percibido por las madres como comprensivo y contenedor.