Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection detected in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is associated with a better survival outcome from previous literature. However, Thailand and several Asian countries have a low prevalence of HPV-associated OPSCC and, therefore, have a low positive rate of immunostaining with p16. Tumor microenvironments (TME), including tumor-infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes (CD8+ TIL) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), are proposed as significant prognostic indicators in addition to p16. Objectives: Explore the expression p16, CD8+ TIL, and PD-L1 and its value as prognostic indicators for overall survival (OS) in patients with OPSCC. Materials and Methods: Data from patients with OPSCC diagnosed from 2012 to 2018 were recovered from medical records and national registry. All available glass slides and slides of immunohistochemistry (IHC) of p16, CD8, and PD-L1 were reviewed. The TME was classified into four types according to the expression pattern of PD-L1 and CD8+TIL. Overall survival (OS) was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression model analysis. Results: In 160 OPSCC patients, p16 was positive in 27 (16.88%). The density of CD8+ TIL was higher in the p16+ and PD-L1+ groups (p = 0.005, 0.039); however, there was no association between p16 and the status of PD-L1. P16 and CD8+ TIL were significant prognostic factors for better OS (p = 0.007, 0.001), but not PD-L1 status (p = 0.317). Among the four types of TME, carcinoma showed mainly type IV TME (PD-L1−/TIL+), while OPSCCs with type I TME (PD-L1+/TIL+) had the best survival outcome. Conclusions: The positivity of p16 and the density of CD8+ TIL were associated with better OS in OPSCC, while the status of PD-L1 was not significantly related to OS. OPSCC with type I TME (PD-L1+/TIL+) showed the best prognosis of all types of TME.

Objectives: The objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to assess the role of preoperative calcium and vitamin D supplementation in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy.Data Sources: The search for randomized controlled trials was performed in the OVID Medline and Embase databases.Review Methods: The last search was made on September 16, 2024. Three independent reviewers evaluated full‐text articles from relevant reports based on eligibility criteria. The quality of the included studies was assessed by two reviewers according to the ROB 2 tool.Results: This systematic review and meta‐analysis considered 13 studies with 1504 participants. There were positive results in treatment outcomes including the mean postoperative calcium level (MD, 0.30 mg/dL: 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.44); the 48 h of postoperative hypocalcemia (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.62); the postoperative symptomatic hypocalcemia (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.62); the IV calcium supplementation (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.58); and length of hospital stays (MD, −0.29; 95% CI, −0.51 to −0.07) as compared to the control group. Readmission rates showed no significant differences between the groups (OR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.01 to 3.08).Conclusions: Preoperative calcium and vitamin D supplementation in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy results in reduction of postoperative symptomatic hypocalcemia. The finding is critical because it offers a feasible and effective solution that could improve patient care while potentially reducing the burden of numerous blood tests during the postoperative period.Registration: This systematic review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42021278859).Level of Evidence: 1 Laryngoscope, 135:1267–1277, 2025

Objectives Parotidectomy increases childhood challenges. This study aimed to determine the clinical profiles, investigations, and outcomes of pediatric patients who had undergone parotidectomy. Methods A multicenter retrospective review of parotidectomy in pediatric patients between 2007 and 2020. Results In 108 parotidectomies, the final diagnoses were benign (47.22%), malignant (36.11%), and non-neoplastic (16.67%). The incidence of facial palsy was 37.03%, which was significantly lower in the superficial group than that in the total parotidectomy group (p = .021). The incidence of facial nerve palsy was significantly higher in the malignancy group than that in the benign group (p = .035). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected malignancy with 92.8% overall accuracy, 83.3% sensitivity, and 100% specificity. The sensitivity and specificity of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) were 54.2% and 92.7%, respectively. Conclusions Parotidectomy is commonly performed for benign and non-neoplastic diseases in pediatric patients. Facial nerve palsy is significantly associated with malignant tumors and total parotidectomy. MRI is the most accurate imaging modality for diagnosing malignant lesions. FNA exhibits moderate agreement with the final pathology. Level of Evidence Level IV.