Now a days, farmers prefer to use Premix Formulations instead of single pesticide for the control of insects and pests. Large number of premix formulations are available in the market, Solomom OD (β-cyfluthrin 90 + imidacloprid 210) is the preferred one in hot pepper. Thus, the present research was done to monitor the leftover and effect of household processing in reduction of premix formulation with its toxic metabolites in hot pepper. Quantification of leftovers in hot pepper fruits was done by using two analytical instruments viz., gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MSMS) in SCAN/MRM mode with a triple Quadrupole analyser and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using diode array detector. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for β-cyfluthrin was 0.05 mg kg⁻¹, and for imidacloprid and its metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-CNA) was 0.01 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. Based on Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) value by Food Safety and Standard Authority of India (FSSAI), the safe waiting period suggested was 3rd day for β-cyfluthrin and 1st day for imidacloprid. Residues of β-cyfluthrin and imidacloprid were persisted up to 7 days in proposed dose (PD) and 10 days in double the proposed dose (DPD) after final spray. No residues of 6-CNA were detected in hot pepper at any stage. Frying after washing was found effective in decreasing the residues when compared to washing alone with plain water. Imidacloprid shows more per cent reduction (87.75–91.49%) in frying after washing when compared to β-cyfluthrin (76.29–84.01%). Red hot pepper and soil collected at 30 days (harvest time) after final spray were found free from pesticide contamination at all test doses.

The premix formulation of fluopyram and trifloxystrobin is a broad-spectrum fungicidal combination that is widely used to manage foliar diseases in vegetable crops. However, concerns regarding its persistence and dietary exposure necessitate monitoring of residues under field conditions. The present study investigated the dissipation dynamics and dietary risk associated with fluopyram, trifloxystrobin, and its metabolite in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) following three foliar applications of fluopyram 250 + trifloxystrobin 250 g/L SC at the recommended (X, 600 mL ha⁻¹) and 1.25 × (750 mL ha⁻¹) doses. Residues were quantified using validated QuEChERS method with GC (trifloxystrobin and its metabolite) and GC–MS/MS (fluopyram), exhibiting excellent linearity (R² > 0.998), recoveries between 80 and 103%, and RSD < 10%, thereby confirming method reliability. Initial residues ranged from 0.412 to 0.555 mg kg⁻¹ for fluopyram, 0.348–0.561 mg kg⁻¹ for trifloxystrobin, and 0.158–0.218 mg kg⁻¹ for CGA321113. Dissipation followed first-order kinetics with half-lives (DT₅₀) of 2.25–2.69 days for fluopyram, 1.19–2.01 days for trifloxystrobin, and 1.14–2.11 days for CGA321113. The residues declined below the quantification limit (0.01 mg kg⁻¹) within 10–15 days after the final spray. Dietary exposure assessment, based on maximum residue levels, national consumption data and hazard quotient (HQ) values were below one for both the rural and urban people, indicating negligible chronic and acute risks. Overall, the fluopyram + trifloxystrobin premix demonstrates rapid dissipation and compliance with international food safety standards when applied according to good agricultural practices.

Dissipation pattern of dimethoate residues on fruits of sweet orange (Musambi) and reduction of residues by washing is reported. Residues were determined by gas liquid chromatography (GC) equipped with flame thermionic detector (FTD). The residues of dimethoate in rind dissipated with time regularly showing 85.00 and 88.24 per cent dissipation by 10^th d after spray at the recommended (468.7 g a.i. ha⁻¹) and double (937.4 g a.i. ha⁻¹) doses respectively. In pulp, the residues reached below detectable level (BDL) of 0.01 mg kg⁻¹ by 7^th d in recommended dose and 10^th d in double dose. No residues were found on 0 d within detectable level of 0.01 mg kg⁻¹ in recommended dose after washing whereas in double dose, 80.39 per cent reduction was observed.