The current state of separation technology often neglects the multidimensional nature of real particle systems, which are distributed not only in terms of size, but also in terms of other properties, such as surface charge. Therefore, the aim of this study is to experimentally investigate the applicability of magnetic seeded filtration as a multidimensional separation process. Magnetic seed particles are added to a multisubstance suspension, and a selective heteroagglomeration with the nonmagnetic target particles is induced, allowing for an easy subsequent magnetic separation. The results show that high separation efficiencies can be achieved and that the parameters pH and ionic strength govern the agglomeration process. Selective separation based on surface charge was observed, but undesirable heteroagglomeration processes between the target particles lead to a loss of selectivity. Particle size was clearly identified as a second relevant separation feature, and its partially opposite influence on collision frequency and collision efficiency was discussed. Finally, experimental data of multidimensional separation are presented, in which a size-distributed two-substance suspension is separated into defined size and material fractions in a single process step. This study highlights the need for multidimensional evaluation in general and the potential of magnetic seeded filtration as a promising separation technique.

Inline analytics in industrial processes reduce operating costs and production rejection. Dedicated sensors enable inline process monitoring and control tailored to the application of interest. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance is a well-known analytical technique but needs adapting for low-cost, reliable and robust process monitoring. A V-shaped low-field NMR sensor was developed for inline process monitoring and allows non-destructive and non-invasive measurements of materials, for example in a pipe. In this paper, the industrial application is specifically devoted to the quality control of anode slurries in battery production. The characterization of anode slurries was performed with the sensor to determine chemical composition and detect gas inclusions. Additionally, flow properties play an important role in continuous production processes. Therefore, the in- and outflow effects were investigated with the V-shaped NMR sensor as a basis for the future determination of slurry flow fields.

Process monitoring and control require dedicated and reliable measures which reflect the status of the process under investigation. Although nuclear magnetic resonance is known to be a versatile analytical technique, it is only seldomly found in process monitoring. Single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance is one well known approach for being applied in process monitoring. The dedicated V-sensor is a recent approach that allows the inline investigation of materials in a pipe non-destructively and non-invasively. An open geometry of the radiofrequency unit is realized using a tailored coil, enabling the sensor to be applied for manifold mobile applications in in-line process monitoring. Stationary liquids were measured, and their properties were integrally quantified as the basis for successful process monitoring. The sensor, in its inline version, is presented along with its characteristics. An exemplary field of application is battery production in terms of anode slurries; thus, the first results on graphite slurries will demonstrate the added value of the sensor in process monitoring.

Quality control in a production plant shows its maximum potential in the form of inline measurements. Defects and imperfections can be detected early and directly, and waste and costs can be reduced. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance offers a wide range of applications but requires dedicated adaptation to the respective process and material conditions. A V-shaped low-field NMR sensor was developed for non-invasive inline measurements on anode slurries in a battery production plant. In battery production, inline monitoring of the quality of anode slurries is demanded, offering the possibility of predictive control of the following process steps. Methods of low-field NMR to determine flow properties were adapted to the desired application. Further, magnetic resonance imaging measurements were made to determine the flow properties of model substances and anode slurries, thus providing verification. The sensor measurements show the ability to measure the flow behavior of, amongst other fluids, anode slurries in a form suitable for inline quality control in a battery production plant.

The importance of and demand for lithium are high and are expected to further increase. Therefore, efficient lithium exploitation processes are essential, for example, Li extraction from brines. Powerful analytical methods are needed, especially with an inline capability. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance is a widely used analytical tool with extensive possibilities. Low-field NMR is particularly suitable for inline quality control thanks to its customizable applications. This study investigates the possibilities of measuring the lithium content in aqueous solutions and brines using ¹H and ⁷Li NMR based on transverse relaxation measurements, using two different low-field NMR instruments. Both static and measurements under flow are presented. The influence of other parameters, such as sample temperature and sodium content of the brine, has also been investigated. The results demonstrate the proof of concept of quantifying lithium content by low-field NMR and provide detailed insights, whilst showing the prerequisites for future industrial applications for inline quality control in lithium extraction processes.

Ink-jet printing applying water-based inks currently attracts more attention also due to ecologic reasons. Problems occur during storage and transport of printed paper due to the liquid distribution within the paper or carton board. NMR spectroscopy and µCT were adapted and applied to investigate inks, papers and carton boards. The components already show a large variability in their properties which becomes even more important when investigating them together, in combination, in a pseudo-printing process, for example, by MRI. The process of liquid dispersion in the paper substrate was investigated, time-resolved with one-dimensional spatial resolution along the printing direction, which allowed us to study penetration and spread of the fluid in the substrate. The focus of this paper is on the methodical basis of this process. The experiments reveal technically relevant parameters like chemical composition of inks, pore size distribution of the paper, and kinetics of ink penetration and distribution in combination of both, but also show the multitude of influencing parameters in printing processes.