In recent years, the globe has faced a series of topics of growing concern, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the international financial crisis, rising socio-economic inequalities, the negative outcomes of greenhouse gas emissions, which resulted in climate change, and many others. Organizations worldwide have confronted these new challenges of sustainable finance by incorporating environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) factors and digital transformation (DT) in their innovation business strategies. The healthcare sector represents a large share of the global economy (about 10% of global economic output), employs a large number of workers, and needs to rely more on an open innovation model where interested parties, especially patients, are going to have a say in their own well-being. Thus, it is imperative that healthcare providers be efficient, effective, resilient, and sustainable in the face of significant challenges and risks. At the same time, they must offer sustainable development goals and digital transformation to healthcare users through limited governmental resources. This study investigates the role, importance, and correlation of ESG factors and digital transformation to the sustainable finance of healthcare systems through an innovative model. The main purpose of the paper is to present the already implemented ESG and DT factors in the healthcare sector and to propose a mutual and combined implementation strategy based on common evaluation tools, methods, and actions. A set of proposed actions and strategies are presented for the sustainability and resilience of the healthcare sector.

(1) Background: Relational Leadership Theory (RLT) has been gaining rising attention for the past 20 years with studies investigating multiple implications and practices of relationships within organizations. Yet, less attention has been given in healthcare settings. By virtue of the emerging need to move beyond exploring the quality of relationships and to move towards the exploitation of relational dynamics that influence leadership development in healthcare organizations, this study explores both the dyad relationships and the context in which those occur. With recent attention directed to the implementation of human-centered practices and the creation of effective networks to bring desired results, RLT is called on to advance this agenda within healthcare organizations. (2) Material and Methods: Research articles that examined leadership theories over the past thirty years were selected from computerized databases and manual searches. (3) Results: It is argued that the way and context in which relationships are formed between leaders and members is a social process that, in turn, shapes the effectiveness of the management of those organizations. Leadership is not rank—it is the relationship with the relational dynamics that play in the same context, creating evolutionary organizational processes. (4) Conclusions: This paper challenges leadership theory one step further. Exploring an organization through relational leadership theory is much like wearing the lens of ‘cause and effect’ in leadership behavioral studies. Therefore, this study contributes to this direction with a robust co-examination of relational dynamics that take place in the healthcare sector, showcasing a broader framework in which relational leadership is germinated and influences its outcomes.

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to identify predictors of the unmet healthcare needs during the financial and recent health crisis in Greece. (2) Methods: Time series analysis was performed for the years 2008 through 2022 using the Eurostat database. The dependent variable was the percentage of people who reported unmet need for medical care. Demographic, socioeconomic, and health data, as well as health expenditures, were used as independent variables. Correlation analysis and simple linear regression models were conducted to analyze the results. (3) Results: Unmet health needs in Greece increased from the start of the crisis until 2016, as a gradual de-escalation of the crisis was observed. However, in 2019 the country recorded the second highest level of unmet needs for medical care before the health crisis. Limitations in usual activities, reporting bad/very bad health status, being unemployed, and having low income increased the likelihood of unmet needs. Health expenditures (public or private) were also significant determinants of unmet healthcare needs. (4) Conclusions: The increased unmet health needs widen inequalities in health and healthcare access. Therefore, health policies should eliminate barriers which restrict the access to health and enhance healthcare services, developing conditions for citizens’ well-being.

Background/Objectives: The study proposes an indicator-based framework for monitoring health inequalities in Greece by examining key socioeconomic and health-related determinants. Methods: The framework draws on the World Health Organization’s Social Determinants of Health model and the Dahlgren–Whitehead model, using Eurostat data (2008–2023). Results: Life expectancy at birth showed a moderate negative correlation with public health expenditures (r = −0.716), while healthy life years were positively linked with GDP (r = 0.765) and public health expenditures (r = 0.743). Self-perceived health was strongly negatively correlated with poverty risk (r = −0.864). Chronic conditions and functional limitations were inversely associated with GDP and health spending. Social factors also mattered: healthy life years correlated negatively with unemployment (r = −0.814) and positively with employment (r = 0.810). Educational attainment influenced both self-perceived health and reported health problems. Conclusions: This framework goes beyond existing WHO/EU models by systematically integrating economic, social, and health outcome indicators tailored to the Greek context. It provides a comprehensive view of the determinants impacting health in Greece, enabling policymakers to tackle the underlying causes of health inequalities and enhance both the fairness and efficiency of healthcare services. Strengthening primary healthcare is crucial to reducing unmet medical needs, minimizing private health expenditures, and improving overall public health.

Background/Objectives: Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia and is closely associated with everyday functioning and participation. This study examined the effects of a 12-week occupation-based group occupational therapy intervention on cognitive functioning in adults with schizophrenia. Methods: In this two-arm randomized controlled trial, 86 adults with schizophrenia were randomly allocated to an intervention group (n = 44) or a treatment-as-usual control group (n = 42). The intervention combined cognitive activation with everyday tasks, problem-solving, and social and creative activities. Co-primary outcomes were the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III) total score, and Clock Drawing Test (CDT). Secondary outcomes included the Mini-Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (M-ACE), ACE-III domains, and Trail Making Test (TMT) Parts A and B completion times and error counts, assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Group × time effects were examined using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: All 86 participants completed the post-intervention assessment and were included in the analysis. Compared with treatment as usual alone, the intervention was associated with significantly greater improvements in MMSE, ACE-III total, M-ACE, TMT Part A completion time, and the ACE-III language and visuospatial domains. Partial η² values ranged from 0.17 to 0.43, with the largest effect observed for the ACE-III total score. Conclusions: Adding occupation-based group occupational therapy to usual care may improve global and domain-specific cognitive test performance in adults with schizophrenia. Further research should determine whether these changes are maintained and translate into everyday occupational performance and participation. This trial was retrospectively registered with ISRCTN (ISRCTN43725423).