This data descriptor introduces the dataset of the transcriptome of low-phosphorus tolerant soybean (Glycine max) variety NN94-156 under phosphorus-deficient and -sufficient conditions. This data is comprised of the transcriptome datasets (four libraries) acquired from roots and leaves of the soybean plants challenged with low-phosphorus, which allows further analysis whether systemic tolerance response to low phosphorus stress occurred. We describe the detailed procedure of how plants were prepared and treated and how the data were generated and pre-processed. Further analyses of this data would be helpful to improve our understanding of molecular mechanisms of low-phosphorus stress in soybean.