Aim: The aim of the following study is to evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and Methods: Average, inferior, and superior values of RNFL and GCC thickness were measured in 123 patients using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The values of participants with DM were compared to controls. Diabetic patients were collected in Groups 1, 2 and 3. Group 1 = 33 participants who had no diabetic retinopathy (DR); Group 2 = 30 participants who had mild nonproliferative DR and Group 3 = 30 participants who had moderate non-proliferative DR. The 30 healthy participants collected in Group 4. Analysis of variance test and a multiple linear regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: The values of RNFL and GCC in the type 2 diabetes were thinner than controls, but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: This study showed that there is a nonsignificant loss of RNFL and GCC in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Peer reviewed article authored by (Demir M, Oba E, Can E, Odabasi M, Tiryaki S, Ozdal E, Sensoz H). Read article or submit your manuscript for publishing.

Purpose: To present the functional and anatomic changes after intravitreal bevacizumab in eyes with macular edema (ME) due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Design: The study was a retrospective study. Materials and methods: The study included 31 patients with ME due to BRVO. We compared the examination findings of patients with ME before and after intravitreal bevacizumab therapy at 12 months. The study included patients who had macular edema secondary to BRVO treated with bevacizumab. The therapy was started in the first week after occlusion. The initial therapy was three intravitreal bevacizumab injections at monthly intervals with 1.25/0.05 mL bevacizumab. Patients with a baseline visual acuity less than 0.5 (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR] 0.30), central macular thickness (CMT) more than 290 µm, and no neovascularization were included. Patients with diabetes mellitus or a history of intravitreal triamcinolone or grid laser photocoagulation therapy or ischemic BRVO were excluded. The retreatment criteria were as follows: increased CMT more than 100 µm combined with a loss of visual acuity of five or more letters. The statistical analysis of this study was carried out by paired samples t-test (SPSS). A P value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: This retrospective study included 33 eyes of 31 patients (20 women, 11 men; mean age was 55.30 ± 9.62 years (range 36–75 years). Patients received a mean of 5.3 injections during 12 months of follow-up. The best corrected visual acuity increased from 0.66 ± 0.20 (logMAR) at baseline to 0.22 ± 0.13 (logMAR) (t = 15.42; P < 0.001) at month 12. The CMT decreased from 494.15 ± 104.16 µm at baseline to 261.79 ± 45.36 µm at month 12 (-232.36 ± 109.98 µm); P < 0.001). No bevacizumab-related systemic or ocular adverse effects following intravitreal drug injections were observed. The majority of patients required reinjection(s) treatment for ME (84.9%). Conclusion: Intravitreal therapy using bevacizumab appears to be an effective primary treatment option for ME due to BRVO. No serious ophthalmologic or systemic side effects were observed for intravitreal bevacizumab therapy. The main disadvantage of bevacizumab therapy is the requirement of multiple injections in order to maintain visual and anatomic improvements.

Aim. To compare the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness between women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy women.Materials and Methods. The study included 88 eyes of 44 women (group 1) with PCOS and 84 eyes of 42 healthy women (group 2). In all subjects, the RNFL and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thicknesses were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). In addition, visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), refractive errors, central macular thickness (CMT), central corneal thickness (CCT), and excavation of optic disc were evaluated in all subjects.Results. Mean values of GCC, IOP, VA, CMT, CCT, and refractive errors were similar between the 2 groups. The average RNFL, superior average RNFL, and inferior average RNFL thicknesses were higher in subjects with PCOS than in healthy subjects (P=0.003,P=0.012, andP=0.009), respectively.Conclusion. The average RNFL, superior average RNFL, and inferior average RNFL thicknesses in women with PCOS were significantly higher than in healthy women.

We evaluated the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection before pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) on intravitreal hemorrhage (VH) during and after vitrectomy for postoperative the first day and the first month in pseudophakic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). This retrospective study was performed on 44 eyes of 44 patients who underwent vitrectomy for PDR. Patients were divided into PPV (n = 22 eyes) and PPV + IVB (n = 22 eyes) groups. Injection of bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) was performed 3 days before vitrectomy. Outcomes of visual acuity as well as intraoperative and postoperative VH were compared between the two groups. One month after surgery, visual acuity improved in PPV and PPV + IVB groups ( P = 0.005, P = 0.006), respectively. There was no difference between the two groups in best corrected visual acuity at baseline and after vitrectomy ( P = 0.71). Intraoperative bleeding into the vitreous was recorded in 14 (63.6%) cases in the PPV group and in 7 (31.8%) cases in the PPV + IVB group. The first month, intravitreal hemorrhage was recorded in six patients in the PPV group and in two patients in the PPV + IVB group ( P = 0.03). The mean pre-postoperative central macular thickness was similar in both groups. Intravitreal injection of IVB before vitrectomy decreased the rate of VH at the time of surgery and at the first postoperative month in patients with PDR.