Antarctic yeasts represent a poorly explored source of novel bioactive compounds with antineoplastic activity and a favorable toxicological profile. The present paper presents the newest data on the antiproliferative and antimicrobial potential of extracts obtained from the psychrophilic strain AL₁₀₃ of the species Sporobolomyces roseus. The capacity of AL₁₀₃ to grow under different cultivation conditions, including in a bioreactor system with optimal biomass quantities of approximately 6.0 g/L, was demonstrated. A comparative examination of the metabolic profiles (GC-MS-based) of yeast extracts revealed a wide variety of synthesized molecules responsible for the different levels of antineoplastic activity depending on the tissue origin of the malignant cell lines. Concentration response curves were generated by the MTT dye reduction test. The respective IC₅₀ values were extrapolated and found between 35.3 and 163 µg/mL. The antibacterial potential of both extracts was evaluated with the broth microdilution test against four referent pathogenic bacterial strains. The estimated minimal inhibitory concentrations revealed a moderate antibacterial activity. According to the GC-MS results, both extracts are rich in long-chain fatty acids which are known for their antibacterial properties. In conclusion, the Antarctic strain AL₁₀₃ possesses promising potential for further pharmacological investigations aiming to elucidate its application as a health-promoting food additive or/and as a source of biologically active compounds.