A non-phenolic lignin model compound, 3, 4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol (veratryl alcohol, VA), and a carbohydrate model compound, methyl β-D-glucopyranoside (MGP), were subjected together to the reaction with active oxygen species which were generated by an oxygen-alkali oxidation of a phenolic compound, 2, 4, 6-trimethylphenol (TMPh), at different temperature or different pH. The reaction selectivity of active oxygen species between VA and MGP (ΔA/ΔMGP) under these conditions were examined. The rates of VA and MGP degradation were similar at 70 °C while the degradation of MGP was much faster than that of VA at 95 °C. This result indicates that active oxygen species produced at 70°C and at 95 °C are different. The degradation of MGP was greater and the reaction selectivity between VA and MGP was lower (undesirable for the carbohydrate protection) when the initial reaction pH was increased. These results clearly demonstrate that the reactivity of active oxygen species produced during oxygen bleaching is significantly dependent on reaction conditions, the reaction temperature and the pH of the solution.

Ionic liquid (IL) films not only in the form of micro-droplets, but also of a homogeneously thick submicron-layer were deposited under vacuum on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates by chemically modifying their wettability to the substrate. When pentacene was deposited on these IL-coated ITO substrates, pentacene crystals were grown via the IL. Depending on the shape and size of the IL films: a small-droplet (ϕ: 5 μm), a large-droplet (ϕ: 20 μm) and a homogeneously thick layer (about 0.1 μm in thickness), there were found significant differences in the growth behaviour of pentacene and the resultant adhesion ability of these pentacene films to the substrate, the mechanism of which is discussed with the aid of in situ observation of the crystal growth process in the IL in view of the wettability of the IL, the nucleation and the subsequent growth of the pentacene crystals.

The intrinsic nature of the band-gap states of UHV-clean TiO₂(110) single crystal and film surfaces was electrochemically investigated by an UHV-electrochemistry approach.