Background. This article reports on the results of an empirical study of interrelationships between indicators of decision-making strategies (indexed by the Iowa Gambling Task, IGT) and traits of tolerance and intolerance for uncertainty that capture the unity of cognitive and personality components of situational representations. Objective. Our study tested the hypothesis that overcoming uncertainty in decision making goes beyond cognitive representations of the task but instead is rooted in the construction of the amodal image of an uncertain situation that captures the meaning regulation of perception and action. We hypothesized that when a person is faced with multi-stage decisions, their strategies reflect the contribution of individual differences in attitudes towards uncertainty. Design. Using data obtained from n = 60 typically developing adults (68% men; M-age = 30.58), we examined the contribution of tolerance/intolerance for uncertainty to a variety of IGT dependent variables at five different stages of the game. Results. The data was analyzed using the mixed linear model method as implemented in the lme4 package for R. The results indicated that tolerance for uncertainty significantly contributes to the initial level of behavioral risk, ensuring readiness for decision making under uncertainty. Conclusion. Tolerance for uncertainty plays an important role in early stages of orientation in an uncertain modeled game situation, and contributes to the productive development of probabilistic expectations. Intolerance for uncertainty, on the other hand, was shown to contribute to risk in decision making after trial failure, potentially limiting learning in uncertain conditions through risk aversion.

Impoverished early care environments are associated with developmental deficits in children raised in institutional settings. Despite the accumulation of evidence regarding deficits in general cognitive functioning in this population, less is known about the impact of institutionalization on language development at the level of brain and behavior. We examined language outcomes in young adults and adolescents raised in institutions (n = 23) as compared to their socioeconomic status and age peers raised in biological families (n = 24) using a behavioral language assessment and linguistic event-related potentials (ERPs). Controlling for intelligence, adults with a history of institutionalization demonstrated deficits in lexical and grammatical development and spelling. Analyses of ERP data revealed significant group differences in the dynamic processing of linguistic stimuli. Adults with a history of institutionalization displayed reduced neural sensitivity to violations of word expectancy, leading to reduced condition effects for temporo-spatial factors that tentatively corresponded to the N200, P300/N400, and phonological mismatch negativity. The results suggest that language is a vulnerable domain in adults with a history of institutionalization, the deficits in which are not explained by general developmental delays, and point to the pivotal role of early linguistic environment in the development of the neural networks involved in language processing.

Kornilova T. V., Chumakova M. A., Krasavtseva Yu. V. Emotional intelligence, patterns for coping with decisional conflict, and academic achievement in cross-cultural perspective (evidence from selective Russian and Azerbaijani student populations). Established in 2008, the Russian Psychological Society's Journal «Psychology in Russia: State of the Art» publishes original articles.

Статья представляет результаты апробации на русскоязычной студенческой выборке (n = 415) краткого десятипунктного опросника диагностики черт Большой пятерки – TIPI (экстраверсии, согласия, добросовестности, эмоциональной стабильности и открытости опыту). Оценивались факторная структура, согласованность, конвергентная валидность опросника TIPI (по опроснику А.Хромова). Использовались также опросники «Личностные факторы принятия решений» (ЛФР), «Новый опросник толерантности к неопределенности», «Мельбурнский опросник индивидуальных особенностей принятия решений» и опросник «Темная дюжина». Показано, что связи с отношением к неопределенности для четырех из пяти черт консистентны полученным для англоязычной выборки. Результаты исследования позволяют связывать эти черты с разными динамическими регулятивными системами. Установлены также различия для связей черт Большой пятерки с личностными факторами саморегуляции (готовностью к риску и рациональностью). Установленные связи с переменными Темной Триады (макиавеллизм, психопатия, нарциссизм) позволяют рассматривать соответствующие краткие опросники как взаимодополняющие друг друга в характеристике целостной картины личностных свойств, которая была бы неполной при оценивании только позитивно одобряемых свойств. Корреляционный анализ комплекса свойств по разным опросникам позволяет связывать позитивную стилевую регуляцию принятия неопределенности, выражающуюся в свойстве бдительности по опроснику МОПР, с ростом индексов всех свойств Большой пятерки (кроме согласия).

Maria A. Chumakova, Sergey A. Kornilov (2013). Individual differences in attitudes towards uncertainty: evidence for multiple latent profiles. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 6(4), 94-108