The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the functioning of universities worldwide. In Poland, the transfer to online teaching was announced without prior warning, which radically changed students’ daily functioning. This situation clearly showed the students’ helplessness and difficulties with coping with this new, stressful situation, highlighted in many previous studies. A sudden and far-reaching change in daily functioning caused anxiety, depression, and stress in this group. Thus, from a pedagogical and psychological point of view, it is pertinent to examine the students’ strategies of coping with stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, in 2020, a sample of Polish students was anonymously measured using the Mini-COPE questionnaire. Data was gathered from 577 students from 17 universities. The statistical analysis showed that during the coronavirus pandemic, Polish students most often used the coping strategies of: acceptance, planning, and seeking emotional support. Such factors as age, gender, and place of residence influenced the choice of specific strategies of coping with stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results also showed that the youngest students had the lowest coping skills. The results allow for concluding that the students’ maladaptive strategies of coping with stress, especially during the pandemic, may result in long-term consequences for their psychophysiological health and academic achievements. Thus, based on the current results and on the participatory model of intervention, a support program for students is proposed which would involve psychological, organizational, and instrumental support.

This article concerns internalizing and externalizing behaviors among Polish adolescents attending primary schools in a medium-sized city in Poland. The aim of the study was to examine the levels of select problem behaviors (i.e., depression, withdrawal, somatic complaints, aggressive behaviors, delinquent behaviors, thought problems, and internalizing and externalizing disorders) in early adolescence. Another important aim was to establish the ranges of the norm and deviation which would indicate the need for intervention aimed at internalizing and externalizing disorders in the sample. The relationships between variables such as age, gender, and school achievement (grade average) and the groups of problem behaviors and externalizing and internalizing disorders were also examined. To diagnose the occurrence of internalizing and externalizing behaviors, a sample of 550 students (55.3% girls, 46.7% boys) were measured using the Youth Self-Report (YSR) questionnaire. The results showed statistically significant differences in internalizing and externalizing behaviors between boys and girls. Girls achieved higher scores on most of the YSR scales, including internalizing and externalizing disorders, as well as on the total score. The student subgroup scores were also differentiated in terms of age and their average grades. The results also have practical implications; namely, the need for obligatory screening tests of students’ emotional states; encouraging preventive measures in schools, including diagnosis and psychological support in the context of depression; monitoring aggressive behaviors and social problems, both in boys and girls; and implementing universal, selective, and indicated prevention through complex, empirically validated educational-therapeutic programs.

The Article sets out the legal bases for the enforcement of the child-rearing measure with a view to transfer to a probation center. The objectives of the work of probation centres were described and the primary function of probation centres was also discussed re-socialisation in the sense of a triad of re-socialisation readaptation reintegration and other functions of probation centres. The areas described are set out in the context of the objectives of dealing with minors, which formally include the prevention of demoralization, the prevention of juvenile delinquency, the creation of living conditions for minors who have violated legal and social norms, and efforts to strengthen the care and education function and the responsibility of parents for their work. Education of minors. Subsequently, criteria were developed for the optimal handling of minors and their implementation in a probation institution.

The article presents the dynamics of the number of tasks performed by probation officers in Poland in the last decade. The analysis of the number of tasks undertaken by court superintendents, both in cases after the issuance of a judgment and in duties performed before the issuance of a judgment, was made. On the basis of the analyses, conclusions concerning the number of tasks of court guardians in the period from 2009 to 2018 in Poland were presented. There were also presented postulates for changes, including legal changes, resulting from the practical aspect of the performance of tasks by superintendents in family and juvenile cases and in cases of persons obliged to treat alcohol dependence were also presented.

Celem artykułu jest opis i wyjaśnienie sytuacji, w których w postępowaniu w sprawach nieletnich pojawia się konieczność identyfikacji potrzeb językowych bądź trudności językowych i komunikacyjnych rzutujących na możliwości ochrony praw dziecka w postępowaniu sądowym. Niezdiagnozowane potrzeby językowe powodują wykluczenie w sferze komunikacyjnej, formalnoprawnej, ale i szerzej – edukacyjnej czy społecznej dziecka w konflikcie z prawem. Artykuł ma charakter koncepcyjny i stanowi wkład do projektu badawczego realizowanego w ramach międzynarodowego programu badawczego, a zarazem metodyczny, gdyż stanowi opis prawidłowych merytorycznie i formalnie działań diagnostycznych i ich ugruntowania w pedagogice resocjalizacyjnej. Metoda gromadzenia danych wykorzystana w niniejszym projekcie to analiza dokumentów, gdzie materiał badawczy stanowią regulacje prawne w zakresie polskiego postępowania z nieletnimi oraz elementy studiów przypadku, stanowiących egzemplifikację dla prezentowanych argumentów w toku wywodu naukowego. Wnioski z badań pokazują nieobecność regulacji prawnych uwzględniających identyfikację potrzeb językowych i trudności komunikacyjne podczas przesłuchań nieletnich i podczas prowadzenia wywiadów kuratorskich z nieletnimi. Konkluzje obejmują próbę stworzenia rekomendacji w zakresie praktyki prowadzenia wywiadów kuratorskich, które uwzględniałyby ten istotny aspekt dla ochrony praw dziecka w postępowaniu sądowym.

The article approximates the topic of the concepts of life plans of adolescents. Their diagnostic, cognitive importance in the formation of social maladjustment in the situation of collapse of the life plan was indicated. Also their motivational value in the preventive process of restructuring, rebuilding the life plans. The results of the research on the life plans of adolescents were also presented and analyses were made in terms of their diversity due to gender, age, school class, average grades and behavioral evaluation. The motivational, qualitative, functional, subjective potential of life plans of adolescents in the process of motivating constructive change, which is an important dynamic in terms of individualized prophylactic treatment paving the way for resolution in the pre-trial proceedings. The potential of application of life plans of young people in the formation of prevention of social maladjustment of young people was also shown, especially at the selective and indicative level in terms of individual activity in the perspective of certain provisions of national and international law concerning minors.