Female genital tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the female reproductive tract. The disease burden among women leads to infertility is significant, especially in developing countries. The bacteria can spread from the lung into the reproductive organ through lymphatic or hematogenous. Many patients present with atypical symptoms, which mimic other gynecological conditions. Several investigations are needed to establish the diagnosis. Almost all cases of genital TB affect the fallopian tube and cause infertility in patients and endometrial involvement. Current treatment still relies on antituberculosis therapy with a combination of tubal surgery. The present review describes the epidemiological data, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and currently available treatment to cure the disease and for in vitro fertilization.

Fibroepithelial polyps or acrochordons are benign skin tumors of mesenchymal and ectodermal origin. They are seen in 25% of the population, and their frequency increases with age. They are often found in areas with skin folds, such as the neck, axilla, submandibular, or inguinal region. However, they can also be located in the genital tract. Hormone imbalances may facilitate the development of fibroepithelial polyp s (e.g., high levels of estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy). Larger lesions are likely to arise from the proliferation of mesenchymal cells within the hormonally sensitive subepithelial stromal layer of the lower. Generally, their size does not exceed 5 millimeters. We present a 28-year-old patient with multiple giant fibroepithelial polyps with size of and , located on both sides of her vulva. Herein, we presented our patient along with the review of current literature pertaining to the diagnosis and the treatment of fibroepithelial polyps (FEPs) and the factors leading to excessive growth.

Female urogenital chlamydia is a disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the female urogenital tract. It is a common bacterial sexually transmitted disease. The bacteria is transmitted through sexual contact with an infected partner or from mother to newborn during vaginal delivery. The prevalence varies among studies and the number is possibly higher due to the lack of massive screening. Many patients were asymptomatic and still be able to transmit the disease. The undiagnosed and untreated disease could cause pelvic inflammatory disease, which leads to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. The prevalence among pregnant women is similar to non-pregnant women, therefore chlamydia screening in pregnant women is highly recommended. The nucleic acid amplification test is the most reliable method for the diagnosis due to high sensitivity. The current treatment is given by prescribing antibiotics.

Objectives: To provide up-to-date data concerning hypertensive disorders of pregnancy on maternal and neonatal profiles in Indonesia. Methods: Retrospective clinical audit on all pregnancy-associated hypertensive women between 1 January 2020 and 31 March 2020 at Cianjur General District Hospital. Results: Preeclampsia accounts for 66.8% (235/352) of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational hypertension 29% (102/352) and chronic hypertension 4.3% (15/352). Compared to other pregnant women, those with preeclampsia, on average, had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures and poorer kidney (ureum and creatinine) and liver function (aspartate transaminase enzyme and alanine transaminase enzyme) profiles (p < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.003, 0.033 and 0.002, respectively), and required more intensive care admission. Neonates from women with severe forms of preeclampsia (eclampsia and HELLP syndrome (haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets)) had, on average, lower birthweight (p = 0.015 and 0.048, respectively) and birth length (p = 0.021, 0.017). Neonates from eclamptic mothers had poorer APGAR (appearance, pulse, grimace, activity and respiration) scores (p = 0.006 and 0.005, respectively). Conclusion: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy exerts adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, particularly among eclampsia and HELLP-syndrome neonates. Various challenges remain for optimal management.

Introduction: Female technology or ‘femtech’ is the availability of mobile applications (apps) to monitor specific aspects of women’s health. It touts the benefits of technology to empower women with regards to their health, while also allowing close collaboration between patients and physicians. Endometriosis‐specific apps is a channel by which female patients discover their endometriosis diagnosis. However, there is currently a paucity of high‐quality and evidence‐based endometriosis apps. This study assessed the current state and overall quality of such apps. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study assessed patient‐centred endometriosis apps on the Apple iTunes Store, in January 2023, excluding certain categories such as conference guidance, gaming, private healthcare, and clinical trial apps. The key term “endometriosis” was used. All patient‐centred apps were included. The apps were assessed using the APPLICATIONS scoring system, considering objective factors like pricing, subscriptions, literature references, in‐app purchases, connectivity, advertisements, search fields, interoperability, and subjective elements such as navigation ease and presentation. The maximum score is 16 and all applications were assessed in English. Results: Out of the initial 22 apps, 12 (54.5%) were excluded, leaving 10 (45.5%) for analysis. Most apps lacked comprehensiveness, but two apps (LUNA‐endometriosis and Frendo) stood out with high scores. These apps incorporated certified scoring systems, provided recommendations for tests and follow‐up visits, and offered evidence‐based literature on endometriosis. The remaining apps scored poorly, focusing on alternative treatments, healthy diets, or functioning solely as symptom diaries, with limited information on diagnosis and management. Only a few apps allowed booking follow‐up visits, and most lacked the capability to export patient‐specific data. Few apps measured the likelihood of endometriosis whilst others relied on previous diagnoses. The majority of apps were free, whilst in‐app purchases centred around alternative treatments. Overall, the apps were user‐friendly, featuring vibrant colours and intuitive interfaces. Conclusions: Only two patient‐centred endometriosis apps scored highly in the APPLICATIONS scoring system as they were high‐quality, evidence‐based and incorporated valid medical recommendations. Other applications scored low as their recommendations lacked quality scientific evidence.

Introduction and importance: Genital tuberculosis (TB) exerts significant damage in the reproductive organs, particularly the Fallopian tubes and endometrium. Infertility is one of the most common presenting causes, often subsequently requiring assisted reproductive technology (ART). However, we have not had many experiences with genital TB despite being a country endemic for TB. This case series highlights the challenges we face and the solutions we wish we had. Case presentation: In this case series, we recruited 7 patients undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment previously diagnosed with TB between January 01, 2014 and June 30, 2021. Patients were recruited at the beginning of their IVF treatments. Of 7 patients, 2 patients (28.6%) achieved live birth. 5 patients (71.4%) failed to conceive. All patients had good and/or excellent quality embryos upon transfer but only 2/7 managed to conceive and delivered. Clinical discussion: Genital TB is often silent and only encountered during workup for infertility. Genital TB often produces extensive damage on the linings of the endometrium and Fallopian tubes, accounting for the recurrent implantation failures associated with the disease. Whilst antitubercular treatment may improve the prognosis, many women still fail to conceive. Conclusion: Genital tuberculosis remains a significant issue in infertility. Cases are often silent and management is often delayed. IVF is often required due to the longstanding damage caused beforehand yet prognosis may remain poor. HIGHLIGHTS Genital tuberculosis is a significant yet underdiagnosed etiology of infertility. Its profound severity often requires in vitro fertilisation for conception. Poor prognosis may still be found despite IVF due to recurrent implantation failures.