Background: The correlation between endometrioma and serum Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) level is a benchmark in determining the prognosis and management of endometrioma. Endometrioma causes a decrease in ovarian reserve due to tissue damage that affects the formation of serum AMH. Serum AMH levels in daily practice are useful as a tool to determine ovarian reserve, markers for diagnosis and prognosis in infertility and reproductive abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of serum AMH level in women with endometrioma and their correlation to ovarian volume. Methods: This research was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design in women of reproductive age who were diagnosed with endometrioma within the period of August 2019–March 2020 at Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung. Forty-four women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were then divided into endometrioma (n=22) and control (n=22) groups. In both groups, transvaginal ultrasound examination was performed to measure the volume of the ovary, then a laboratory examination of serum AMH level was carried out. Results: Serum AMH levels in the endometrioma group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P< 0.001). Serum AMH level did not differ significantly based on laterality of the observation group (P=1.000). There was a negative correlation between serum AMH level and the volume of ovarian endometrioma, although not statistically significant (r=− 0.332; P=0.066). Conclusion: There was a correlation between serum AMH level and endometrioma. Serum AMH levels were significantly lower in the endometrioma group but were not influenced by their laterality. We found a negative correlation between serum AMH level and ovarian volume containing endometrioma, but not statistically significant.

Objective: PPARγ is a ligand-binding transcription factor that has been reported to be implicated in lipid metabolism, immune function, and cellular growth and differentiation. It has been suspected to play a role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, although the mechanism is yet to be elaborated. This study aims to investigate the expression of PPARγ in early onset preeclampsia (EOPE), late onset preeclampsia (LOPE), and normal pregnancy. We conducted this study using primary trophoblastic cell culture incubated with serum from EOPE, LOPE, and normal pregnancy. The expression of PPARγ in these cells was analyzed using Western Blot. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc test. p < 0.05 is considered significant. Results: Serum from normal pregnant women and EOPE did not induce any difference in the expression of PPAR-γ (p > 0.05). In contrast, expression of PPAR-γ was increased in those cells induced by serum from LOPE (p < 0.001). Therefore, we conclude that hypothetically PPAR-γ might play role in the pathophysiology of LOPE but not in EOPE. Other possibility is the activity of PPAR-γ in EOPE is inversely correlated with its expression, therefore the high enzymatic activity of PPAR-γ is tightly regulated by attenuating its expression.

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common reproductive endocrinologic disorder in woman, was considered to be related to sleep disturbance. This study is aimed to analyze the correlation between excess androgen markers and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) in PCOS.METHODS: This observational, cross-sectional study of PCOS was conducted to 31 subjects to evaluate the correlation between serum total testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and free androgen index with the incidence of sleep disturbance using AIS. Sleep disturbance was present if the score ≥6. The correlation between excess androgen markers and sleep disturbance was analyzed using Pearson’s coefficient of correlation or Spearman’s rho test. Correlation coefficient more than 0.5 with p6 group was higher than AIS score 0.05). No significant correlation was found between serum total testosterone, SHBG and free androgen index with AIS score. After adjusting for AIS score, there was the moderate positive correlation between serum total testosterone level although not statistically significant (r=0.54, p=0.07).CONCLUSION: The serum total testosterone level might influence the occurrence of sleep disturbance in PCOS.KEYWORDS: PCOS, androgen excess, testosterone, sleep disturbance, Athens Insomnia Scale

BACKGROUND Women with endometriosis experience significantly reduced fertility, potentially linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. This study investigates the impact of endometriosis on oocyte mitochondrial morphology and cardiolipin levels, key indicators of mitochondrial health and function. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two healthy mice were randomly allocated into 2 groups: a control group (P0, n=16) and an endometriosis model group (P1, n=16). Endometriosis was induced via intraperitoneal injection of endometrial tissue, and oocytes were retrieved following superovulation. Mitochondrial morphology was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy, and cardiolipin levels were measured via ELISA. Statistical analyses included the Fisher exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation. RESULTS Mitochondrial morphology in oocytes from the endometriosis group exhibited significant structural abnormalities, compared with controls (P<0.001). Class III and IV mitochondria, characterized by disrupted membranes and cristae, were predominantly observed in the endometriosis group. Cardiolipin levels were significantly reduced in the endometriosis group, compared with controls (P<0.001). A positive correlation (r=0.73, P<0.001) was identified between mitochondrial morphological changes and cardiolipin levels, indicating that structural mitochondrial damage was strongly associated with reduced cardiolipin levels. CONCLUSIONS Endometriosis induces significant mitochondrial abnormalities and decreases cardiolipin levels in oocytes, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction as a critical factor in reduced fertility. These findings underscore the potential of targeting mitochondrial health to improve reproductive outcomes in women with endometriosis.

Introduction: Syphilis in pregnancy, caused by Treponema pallidum, can be vertically transmitted, leading to serious neonatal complications such as preterm birth, stillbirth, and neonatal death. Despite global efforts to reduce its prevalence, challenges such as inadequate antenatal screening and delayed treatment persist. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to preventing adverse outcomes. Case Illustration: A 24-year-old pregnant woman (G3P2A0) was admitted at 29– 30 weeks of gestation with premature rupture of membranes and labor contractions. She had been diagnosed with syphilis at 28 weeks but had not received treatment. The baby boy was delivered prematurely and suffered from severe asphyxia and respiratory distress, requiring resuscitation. Sadly, he passed away three hours after birth. The mother was discharged after receiving the first dose of syphilis treatment. Conclusion: This case highlights the critical importance of early syphilis screening and timely treatment during pregnancy to prevent adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Delayed intervention in this case contributed to a poor prognosis. Comprehensive antenatal screening and prompt follow-up care are essential to reducing the risk of congenital syphilis and its complications.

Latar Belakang: Angka persalinan remaja di dunia masih tinggi. Di Asia Tenggara, sekitar 6 juta remaja melahirkan setiap tahunnya, termasuk di Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Selain itu, beberapa kehamilan remaja dirujuk ke rumah sakit pusat untuk mendapatkan perawatan medis selama persalinan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis luaran maternal dan perinatal yang merugikan pada remaja yang dirujuk ke rumah sakit pusat di Jawa Barat. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan data sekunder, dikumpulkan dari remaja yang melahirkan di Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Terdapat 517 ibu hamil yang dirujuk antara bulan Januari 2019 hingga Agustus 2020 untuk persalinan. Data dimasukkan, dibersihkan, dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 27. Hasil: Analisis Chi-square menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara usia dengan preeklampsia, eklampsia, ketuban pecah dini (KPD), plasenta previa, dan komplikasi lainnya. Hasil yang paling umum menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan pada masa remaja adalah eklampsia (5,15%); KPD (23,18%); kelahiran prematur (23,60%); solusio plasenta (0,34%), dengan metode persalinan pervaginam terbanyak (65,24%). Kesimpulan: Prevalensi eklamsia, KPD, kelahiran prematur, dan solusio plasenta lebih tinggi pada kehamilan remaja. Persalinan remaja menimbulkan banyak risiko dibandingkan dengan wanita dewasa. Saran: Peran berbagai pihak sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah persalinan remaja mulai dari pelayanan kesehatan primer. Kata Kunci: persalinan remaja; luaran ibu dan perinatal Introduction: The number of adolescent birth in the world is still high. In South-East Asia, about 6 million adolescents give birth each year, including in West Java, Indonesia. Moreover, several adolescent pregnancies are referred to the central hospital to receive medical treatment during delivery. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes of adolescent mother referred to a central hospital in West Java. Methode: This study was a cross sectional study with secondary data, gathered from adolescent who gave birth at Hasan Sadikin Hospital in West Java, Indonesia. There were 517 pregnant women referred between January 2019 to August 2020 for delivery. Data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed by using SPSS version 27. Result: The Chi-square analysis showed a significant relationship between age and preeclampsia, eclampsia, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), placenta previa, and other complications. The most common maternal outcomes showing a significant relationship in adolescence were eclampsia (5.15%); PROM (23.18%); preterm birth (23.60%); placental abruption (0.34%), with the most vaginal delivery method (65.24%). Conclusion: Prevalence of eclampsia, PROM, preterm birth, and placenta abruption were higher in adolescent pregnancy. Adolescent childbirth poses many risks compared to adult women. Suggestions: The role of various parties is needed to prevent adolescent childbirth start with primary healthcare. Keyword: adolescent childbirth; maternal and perinatal outcomes