This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, emphasizing how chemical composition, structural features, inhibitory compounds, and process configurations collectively influence the conversion of structural polysaccharides into fermentable sugars. Variability among herbaceous, woody, and residual biomasses results in differences in cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin content, and crystallinity, which strongly affect enzyme accessibility. The review discusses key inhibitory mechanisms, including nonproductive cellulase adsorption onto lignin, interference from phenolic derivatives and pretreatment by-products, and inhibition caused by accumulating mono- and oligosaccharides. Process configurations such as SHF, SSF, PSSF, and consolidated bioprocessing are compared, with SSF often achieving superior performance by mitigating end-product inhibition. The manuscript also highlights the growing relevance of computational modeling and simulation tools, which support kinetic prediction, the evaluation of transport limitations, and the optimization of operating conditions in high-solids systems. Additionally, recent advances in artificial intelligence are presented as powerful approaches for modeling nonlinear hydrolysis behavior, estimating kinetic parameters, identifying rate-limiting steps, and improving predictive accuracy in complex bioprocesses. Overall, the integration of experimental insights with advanced modeling, simulation, and AI-based strategies is essential for overcoming current limitations and enhancing the technical feasibility and industrial competitiveness of lignocellulosic bioconversion.

In order to provide new isobaric vapor−liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for ethanol-biodiesel systems, experimental boiling points for mixtures of ethanol + biodiesel from soybean oil (SB) and frying oil (FB) were measured. UNIFAC and NRTL models were used to predict and correlate the data, in order to better represent the VLE in process simulation. VLE data were measured with a Fischer type ebulliometer. Reliability and reproducibility were evaluated with VLE data for ethanol + water system at 101.32 kPa. These data also proved to be thermodynamically consistent based on the area test. The boiling temperatures for ethanol + biodiesel systems agreed with other results reported at same pressure for SB and for biodiesel from sunflower seed oil (SSB). The thermodynamic modelling using the NRTL model obtained lower AAD values than those from UNIFAC, assuring better safety in the design and simulations steps of a biodiesel production plant.