The work investigates the importance of the K-T approach in the modelling of pressure cracked structures. T-stress is the constant in the second term of the Williams expression; it is often negligible, but recent literature has shown that there are cases where T-stress plays the role of opening the crack, also T-stress improves elastic modeling at the point of crack. In this research study, the most important effects of the T-stress are collected and analyzed. A numerical analysis was carried out by the extended finite element method (X-FEM) to analyze T-stress in an arc with external notch under internal pressure. The different stress method (SDM) is employed to calculate T-stress. Moreover, the influence of the geometry of the notch on the biaxiality is also examined. The biaxiality gave us a view on the initiation of the crack. The results are extended with a comparison to previous literature to validate the promising investigations.

In this study, a NURBS basis function-based extended iso-geometric analysis (X-IGA) has been implemented to simulate a two-dimensional crack in a pipe under uniform pressure using MATLAB code. Heaviside jump and asymptotic crack-tip enrichment functions are used to model the crack’s behaviour. The accuracy of this investigation was ensured with the stress intensity factors (SIFs) and the J-integral. The X-IGA—based SIFs of a 2-D pipe are compared using MATLAB code with the conventional finite element method available in ABAQUS FEA, and the extended finite element method is compared with a user-defined element. Therefore, the results demonstrate the possibility of using this technique as an alternative to other existing approaches to modeling cracked pipelines.

In order to examine the significance of Stress Intensity Factor and T-stress (K-T parameters) in modeling pressure-cracked structures, we propose a novel method known as the Isogeometric Over-Deterministic Method IG-ODM. IG-ODM utilizes the computation of stress and displacement fields through Extended Isogeometric Analysis to improve the geometry and enhance the crack. Subsequently, these results are incorporated into the Williams expression, resulting in a set of deterministic equations that can be solved using a common solving method; this particular combination has never been attempted before. IG-ODM enables the computation of stress intensity factor SIF, T-stress, and higher-order parameters in the Williams expansion. To validate the effectiveness of this method, we conducted tests on a single-edge uniaxial-stress-cracked plate and a central uniaxial-stress-cracked plate. The results showed an error ranging from 0.06% to 2%. The obtained results demonstrate accuracy and satisfaction when compared to existing findings.

The rotary cement kiln forms a major part of any cement works. The kiln is a large cylindrical structure where the raw materials are brought together and heated to form clinker, the base material of cement. To ensure production plant reliability and product quality an understanding and evaluation of the kiln design parameters is of paramount importance. This paper presents a solution for evaluating the mechanical strength of the shims, vital components in the drive system. These parts transmit the rotational drive to the kiln drum, and are subject to large mechanical and thermal stresses. The results of this study enable a reliable plan for preventive maintenance of the kiln furnaces to be developed. The methodology employed detects the mechanical and thermal stresses distributed on the surface of the shim while the working cycle are active, and uses both mechanical theory and numerical simulation by the Finite Elements Method (FEM) under the ANSYS software. The numerical results provide an authoritative guide to the accurate prediction of the optimal preventative maintenance interval for the rotary cement kilns drive element.

The fracture of cracked metal structures remains the main concern of engineers and researchers in various fields (automotive, oil, naval and aeronautics, etc.). They are always looking for ways and tools to locate and determine where and when the break occurs. In the industrial field there are many instruments and devices for measuring and locating defects in metal structures. Prevention tools, however, remain the only way to understand or limit the source of the problem. The most efficient of these tools is the computer which helps to model the fracture phenomenon of cracked metal structures. In this work, we will study the problem of cracking in pipes using new interpolations functions called NURBS (rational non-uniform B-Splines). These functions are added to the formulation of the X-FEM method to study a 2D problem in the linear elastic domain. The geometry studied is a half-tube with a semi-elliptic crack. It should be kept in mind that the main purpose of this study is to calculate the KI factor with good precision, which will be used in determining the rate of rupture.