The construction industry is responsible for 32% of the world’s consumption of natural resources, causing 850 million tons of construction waste in the European Union alone. The construction and manufacturing industries mostly apply a linear economy model, where resources are used once and then disposed of. As a response, the concept of a circular economy (CE) was introduced with the aim of keeping materials within a closed loop and regaining their value in the end-of-life phase. This paper aims to investigate the different CE strategies in the construction industry and the related manufacturing industry and how these strategies can be supported by digital technology. The 11Rs framework has been used as a reference within the concept of CE through a scoping literature review, in which 117 articles were reviewed. The analysis focused on the frequency of the various Rs in papers, as well as their applications and possible implementation. Seven interviews were conducted with Swedish experts to obtain industry perspectives and thereby specify a potential research gap related to CE. According to the study, existing research for the application of CE by construction companies has not been fully explored. There is also a lack of knowledge about CE and its benefits, as well as poor collaboration between different stakeholders, both in information sharing and processes. Findings suggest that all stakeholders in the industries need to make efforts to change their strategies if the transition to CE is to occur.

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Digital Product Passports (DPPs) are becoming essential tools for documenting a product's entire lifecycle from its origin and use to its end-of-life. Ontologies provide a foundation for semantically modeling DPP data and enabling machine-interpretable interoperability across heterogeneous industrial systems. However, the lack of a unified standard for representing DPP data remains a critical research gap. This paper investigates how three complementary ontology networks, namely the Digital Product Passport ontology (DPP), the Digital Product Passport Ontology core model (DPPO), and the Circular Economy Ontology Network (CEON), can be aligned to establish a shared semantic foundation for cross-sector DPPs. It compares the three proposed models, discusses their benefits and drawbacks, and aligns them to contribute to the development of a shared ontology network for cross-sectoral DPPs that prioritizes generality and future adaptability across industries. The study combines expert-driven manual semantic alignment with tool-based ontology matching to construct an explicitly mapped ontology network while preserving the conceptual scope of the participating ontologies. The approach further demonstrates how regulatory and standardization requirements can be translated into ontology constructs and represented as machine-interpretable structures. Feasibility is illustrated through two representative engineering use cases from the construction sector, including a lighting fixture scenario representing standardized manufacturing data and a window scenario supporting post-hoc DPP creation for reclaimed building components. The results indicate that systematic alignment of existing ontologies can establish a modular semantic foundation capable of supporting interoperable and regulation-ready DPP implementations across heterogeneous value chains.