The conveyor belt is by its structure a textile composite. As a load-supporting element of the conveyor, the belt withstands variable loads during its operations. In order to investigate the influence of the level and variability of loading on the life of the belt, tests were carried out on specimens in laboratory conditions. A testing device was specially designed and made for these tests that enabled precise control and monitoring of the loading as well as number of loading cycles up to fracture. This research provides an overview of the influence of fatigue loading on the fatigue life of the belt. The methodology of the conducted research is explained with a description of important technical parameters of the testing device. A physical experiment and a corresponding numerical simulation using the FEM method were carried out with multiple loading levels of belt specimens. Based on the obtained results, appropriate conclusions were made; at loads less than 70% of the breaking strength, the lifetime of the belt is very long. Attention was drawn to additional influences that could not be covered by the experiment and possible directions for further research were indicated.

Continual material feeding represents a process of great importance for process industries. Feeding with belt feeders represents one of the most common methods. Belt feeders are devices that require little space, they are not expensive and, most importantly, they do not interrupt material flow while feeding. Calibration of belt feeders, as well as other measuring devices, is a prerequisite for measuring and achieving a defined level of measurement accuracy. On the other hand, the defined level of measurement accuracy is often difficult to achieve in practice due to the multitude of factors that affect the operation of belt feeders. Existing mathematical models indicate a number of influential factors on measurement accuracy. The paper presents the measurement procedure performed on a belt feeder in laboratory conditions, with variable speeds and belt tensions and the known raised position of the measuring idler. Based on the obtained results, appropriate conclusions were made about the influences on calibration and measurement accuracy

The generational shift toward digital environments has significantly impacted how students in mechanical engineering education interpret technical representations. This study investigates the challenges students from Generation Z face when working with traditional 2D technical drawings, revealing a growing comprehension gap. A novel textbook with 3D interactive models was introduced, with students accessing these models via QR codes embedded in the textbook. The 3D models, viewable on mobile devices, allow for rotation, zooming, and cross-sectional analyses, providing an immersive learning experience. The study involved students, from each undergraduate academic year, who were tasked with solving comprehension exercises using both 2D and 3D methods. Results indicated that students demonstrated significantly higher accuracy and confidence when using 3D models, with the most pronounced improvements observed among first-year students. Furthermore, time efficiency and engagement levels were substantially better when 3D tools were employed. These findings underscore the need for a paradigm shift in engineering education, moving toward integrating 3D technologies alongside traditional methods. By aligning teaching strategies with students’ cognitive preferences, educators can bridge the comprehension gap, enhance learning outcomes, and better prepare graduates for modern engineering practices. The study advocates widespread adoption of 3D tools, emphasizing their role in creating an engaging and effective educational environment.

Transport of people in buildings and at relatively short distances is possible by escalators. Esca­lators have a great application in the transport of the people and they represent an important part of vertical transport. As escalators are used at all ages, it is necessary to design them to be safe. Due to the large number of moving parts and the complicated construction of the escalator, it is necessary to perform periodic checks and controls of their correctness and safety for the transport of people. The paper gives an overview of the basic elements of escalators, and some potential dangers and appropriate safety measures for their prevention.