Here, we present the results of analyzing the fatty acid composition of the main edible vegetable oils from Kazakhstani oilseed producers (safflower, sunflower, maize (corn), linseed, cottonseed, soybean and rapeseed) in comparison with the known fatty acid (FA) composition of specific vegetable oils complying with the Codex Standard for Named Vegetable Oil (Codex Stan 210-1999). The fatty acid composition of 35 different vegetable oils was analyzed by gas chromatography with a Shimadzu GC-2010 Plus instrument with flame ionization detection using a high-polarity CP-Sil 2560, which allowed us to establish their authenticity for high accuracy and excellent separation. A comparative study of the fatty acid composition, groups and omega-6/omega-3 ratios in seven different vegetable oils was carried out. Subsequently, the data were processed by hierarchical clustering analysis, principal component analysis, artificial neural network and Pearson’s correlation. Artificial neural network analysis demonstrated correct predictions. Principal component analysis showed the effects of oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids to vegetable oils classification.

This paper presents the effects of organic fertilizers on the yield, quality, and fatty acid composition of maize and soybean in 2022 in Southeast Kazakhstan. Maize and soybean yields were improved by commercial organic fertilizers. In general, the yield, quality, and fatty acid (FA) parameters of both crops were influenced by various types of organic fertilizers. The application of HansePlant fertilizer allowed for an increase in the yield of maize seed by 47% and soybean by 31%. Organic fertilizers improved the quality parameters fat, protein, fiber, and starch in maize by 35%, 22%, 14%, and 8%, respectively, compared to control samples. In soybean, the parameters fat, protein, and fiber were improved by 20%, 3%, and 11%, respectively. The FA compositions of maize and soybean were analyzed via gas chromatography and with tandem mass spectrometer using a polarity column. Compared with no fertilization conditions, the omega-6/omega-3 ratio showed the lowest value in maize (22.40–123.96) and soybean (3.26–4.07). A study of the fatty acid composition groups compared with different fertilizer treatments was performed.

The composition of an ethanol extract from the roots of Rumex tianschanicus Losinsk of the Trans-Ili Alatau wild flora was studied in order to determine its antiulcer activity. The phytochemical composition of the anthraquinone–flavonoid complex from (AFC) R. tianschanicus revealed the presence of numerous polyphenolic compounds, the most abundant of which are anthraquinones (1.77%), flavonoids (6.95%), and tannins (13.39%). The use of column chromatography (CC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) in conjunction with UV, IR, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry data allowed the researchers to isolate and identify the major components of the anthraquinone–flavonoid complex’s polyphenol fraction: physcion, chrysophanol, emodin, isorhamnetin, quercetin, and myricetin. The gastroprotective effect of the polyphenolic fraction of the anthraquinone–flavonoid complex (AFC) of R. tianschanicus roots was examined in an experimental model of rat gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin. The preventive and therapeutic effect of the anthraquinone–flavonoid complex at a dose of 100 mg/kg was analyzed using intragastric administration per day for 1 to 10 days, followed by a histological examination of stomach tissues. It has been demonstrated that prophylactic and prolonged use of the AFC R. tianschanicus in laboratory animals resulted in significantly less pronounced hemodynamic and desquamative changes in the epithelium of gastric tissues. The acquired results thus offer fresh insight into the anthraquinone and flavonoid metabolite component composition of R. tianschanicus roots, and they imply that the examined extract can be used to develop herbal medicines with antiulcer activity.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes represent a progressive glycemic continuum associated with multi-pathway metabolic deterioration that often precedes clinical diagnosis. Early identification of molecular alterations underlying this transition is critical for prevention strategies. Untargeted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) metabolomics combined with multivariate statistical analysis (PCA) was applied to serum samples from 188 participants stratified into Control (n = 48), Prediabetes (n = 113), and Diabetes (n = 27) groups according to ADA/WHO diagnostic criteria. Progressive metabolic alterations were observed across the glycemic continuum. Several amino acid-, lipid-, and organic acid-related features showed nominal differences between the study groups. However, none of the detected metabolomic features remained statistically significant after false discovery rate (FDR) correction, indicating that these findings should be considered exploratory. Diabetes was associated with widespread downregulation of amino acid-related features, long-chain and complex lipid species, and small organic acids relative to both control and prediabetes groups. PCA (PC1 = 35.9%) showed progressive metabolic stratification primarily driven by hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and blood pressure elevation. These exploratory findings suggest that the transition from prediabetes to diabetes may be accompanied by alterations in amino acid, lipid, and energy metabolism. The identified metabolomic features represent candidate metabolites that require validation in larger independent cohorts using targeted metabolomics.

Assessment of the composition of peripheral blood cells and red bone marrow in preclinical studies is a key component of program for analysis of biologically active compounds obtained from the plant materials. Current study concerns effect of the complex extract from Rumex plants (R. confertus, R. tianschanicus, R. thyrsiflorus) on parameters of blood cells and bone marrow of laboratory animals. During the study, data were obtained on the effect of the extract on hematopoiesis when administered at 100 mg/kg of animal weight. The results obtained show that application of the extract is accompanied by a statistically significant increase in the number of neutrophil precursors, such as myeloblasts and band neutrophils (p≤0.05). According to our results the extract we obtained from Rumex plants does not cause inhibition of early bone marrow precursors and is safe and non-toxic.

Honey bee hygienic behavior is an important colony-level defense trait with potential relevance to selective breeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate variation in hygienic behavior among honey bee colonies from five apiaries in Kazakhstan and to examine its associations with colony-performance traits and wing morphometric characteristics. Hygienic behavior was assessed in 50 colonies using the pin-killed brood assay, with brood removal recorded 24 h after treatment. Significant differences in hygienic behavior were observed among the five studied apiaries (p < 0.001), with the highest mean brood-removal efficiencies recorded in the Nurik and KazNARU apiaries and the lowest in the Baizhigitov apiary. Principal component and hierarchical clustering analyses revealed multivariate differentiation among colonies based on behavioral, performance, and morphometric characteristics. Although the cubital index was strongly correlated with hygienic behavior in the pooled analysis, the within-apiary association was not statistically significant after accounting for apiary identity (β = 9.42, 95% CI: −2.82 to 21.65, p = 0.128), indicating that the overall relationship was primarily attributable to differences among apiaries. However, because apiary identity is associated with ecological conditions as well as potentially differing management practices and honey bee population backgrounds, these patterns should not be interpreted as independent causal effects of ecological conditions. The findings provide baseline information on variation in hygienic behavior and associated phenotypic traits in honey bee colonies from Kazakhstan and support further studies incorporating broader environmental, management, and genetic characterization before their potential application in selective breeding programs.