Theranostics refers to the combination of diagnostic biomarkers with therapeutic agents that share a specific target expressed by diseased cells and tissues. Nuclear medicine is an exciting component explored for its applicability in theranostic concepts in clinical and research investigations. Nuclear theranostics is based on the employment of radioactive compounds delivering ionizing radiation to diagnose and manage certain diseases employing binding with specifically expressed targets. In the realm of personalized medicine, nuclear theranostics stands as a beacon of potential, potentially revolutionizing disease management. Studies exploring the theranostic profile of radioactive compounds have been presented in this review along with a detailed explanation of radioactive compounds and their theranostic applicability in several diseases. It furnishes insights into their applicability across diverse diseases, elucidating the intricate interplay between these compounds and disease pathologies. Light is shed on the important milestones of nuclear theranostics beginning with radioiodine therapy in thyroid carcinomas, MIBG labelled with iodine in neuroblastoma, and several others. Our perspectives have been put forth regarding the most important theranostic agents along with emerging trends and prospects.

Stem cell therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking approach in regenerative medicine, offering immense potential for tissue regeneration and wound healing. Stem cells, with their ability to self-renew and differentiate into specialized cell types, provide innovative therapeutic strategies for variety of medical conditions. Key stem cell types, including embryonic, induced pluripotent, and adult stem cells such as mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells, play pivotal roles in regenerative processes and wound repair. In tissue regeneration, stem cells replenish damaged or necrotic cells by differentiating into specialized cell types like bone, muscle, or nerve cells, thus restoring the structural and functional integrity of tissues. In wound healing, stem cells stimulate angiogenesis, generate new skin cells, and modulate immune responses to enhance repair. This multifaceted therapeutic potential has paved the way for clinical applications in cardiovascular, neurological, musculoskeletal, and autoimmune disorders, as well as skin and burn injuries. This review highlights recent advancements in stem cell therapy, exploring its clinical applications and addressing challenges such as immune rejection, ethical concerns, scalability, and the need for long-term clinical trials. The article underscores the importance of continued research to fully realize the transformative potential of stem cell therapy in modern medicine.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy with a poor prognosis and high relapse rates, especially in high-risk patients and older adults. Conventional treatment modalities confer limited benefit, specifically in relapsed and refractory cases. Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are a rapidly advancing treatment option that provides a novel approach to treating AML. The design and mechanistic aspects of ADCs have also been discussed. ADCs combine cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs with the specificity of monoclonal antibodies. This review primarily focuses on the current role of ADCs in the treatment of AML, including approved agents such as gemtuzumab ozogamicin, as well as others. Moreover, challenges associated with the use of ADCs have been explored, including resistance mechanisms, drug stability, immunogenicity, and cost. This review also highlights and summarizes various ongoing and completed clinical trials, which may provide insight into this treatment approach. Future advancements in AML treatment, including the use of nanoparticles or nanostructures, have also been discussed. In conclusion, this comprehensive review sheds light on the current and prospective future directions of ADCs in the treatment of AML, highlighting their potential to significantly alter the therapeutic landscape for this cancer.