African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal and contagious disease of domestic pigs and wild boars. There is still no credible commercially available vaccine. The only existing one, issued in Vietnam, is actually used in limited quantities in limited areas, for large-scale clinical evaluation. ASF virus is a large complex virus, not inducing full neutralizing antibodies, with multiple genotypes and a lack of comprehensive research on virus infection and immunity. Since it was first reported in China in August 2018, ASF has spread rapidly across the country. To prevent, control, further purify and eradicate ASF, joint scientific and technological research on ASF vaccines has been carried out in China. In the past 4 years (2018–2022), several groups in China have been funded for the research and development of various types of ASF vaccines, achieving marked progress and reaching certain milestones. Here, we have provided a comprehensive and systematic summary of all of the relevant data regarding the current status of the development of ASF vaccines in China to provide a reference for further progress worldwide. At present, the further clinical application of the ASF vaccine still needs a lot of tests and research accumulation.

African horse sickness (AHS) is a vector‐borne and noncontagious disease caused by African horse sickness virus (AHSV) that poses a severe threat to the global equine industry. As a country historically free from AHS, China faces elevated risks due to recent outbreaks in Southeast Asia in 2020 and its ecological suitability of its border regions for AHSV vectors. Therefore, we conducted consecutive molecular and serological surveillance for AHSV in high‐risk border regions from 2020 to 2024. A total of 3203 equine serum samples, 2909 whole‐blood samples, and 1037 collections of blood‐sucking insects were collected from 103 counties across five border provinces from June to October (peak Culicoides season). Samples were analyzed using World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH)‐recommended RT‐qPCR (targeting VP7 gene) and blocking ELISA. Morphological identification confirmed that the collected vectors were primarily Culicoides midges, with some mosquitoes. No AHSV nucleic acid or specific antibodies were detected, which is consistent with China’s AHS‐free status. Combined with predictive models and regional risk factors, the likelihood of AHSV occurrence in southern China is “likely.” The study highlights the urgent need for continuous surveillance and risk assessment to safeguard China’s equine industry. Further regional and ecological studies on vectors and animal transportation are also essential for understanding and mitigating the risks associated with AHSV introduction.