A pure rotational Raman lidar (PRRL) for full-day troposphere temperature measurement was deployed in February 2020 at Zhongshan Station (69.37°S, 76.37°E), Antarctica, by the 36^th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition. The PRRL emits a 532.23-nm laser light and employs a 203.2-mm telescope to collect atmospheric backscatter. Cubic nonpolarizing beam splitters are introduced to yield a compact optics arrangement. A quasi-single-line-extraction technique is proposed for extracting the molecular Stokes line signals. A lidar container with a window system is customized to house the whole PRRL system for long-term stable operation. An approach using a laser plummet is developed for fast and convenient adjustment of the telescope zenithward. A home-made calibration module is utilized for straightforward visual optics adjustment with ∼35.3-μrad angular positioning accuracy. Both typical daytime and nighttime temperature measurement examples are presented to verify the lidar performance. From a 30-h continuous temperature measurement result, it is found the tropopause is located at ∼10.8 km above ground level with a mean temperature of ∼203 K; significant temperature variability occurs only at the inversion areas, while off which the 1-h temperature profiles are relatively similar in form with an average lapse rate of -8.3 K/km.

A compact all-fiber pulsed coherent Doppler lidar (PCDL) for boundary layer wind measurement was developed by the Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences). It has been deployed at Zhongshan Station (69.4° S, 76.4° E) during the 2020 austral summer season by the 36th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) and started routine observation in January 2020. This system, based on the 1550 nm all-fiber components, employs a 100 mm telescope with a long focal length of 632.6 mm to emit and collect laser pulses. It provides the ability to measure vertically resolved wind fields with a spatial resolution of 30 m and a temporal resolution of 1 min; the maximum detection range is up to 1.5 km in Antarctica. Wind speed and direction inversion methods were introduced subsequently. Preliminary measurement results of wind profiles indicate that this Doppler lidar can be operated successfully in Antarctica. The synchronous observations between the lidar, anemometer, and radiosondes at Zhongshan station are presented and have good consistency with each other. The comparison results between the lidar and anemometer indicate a root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 0.98 m s⁻¹ and 10.55° for wind speed and direction, respectively. The lidar continuous observations of wind profiles provide an opportunity to study the spatiotemporal variation of Antarctic wind with high resolutions, which is useful for further understanding of the atmosphere in Antarctic regions.