The present study explores the efficacy of Machine Learning and Artificial Neural Networks in age assessment using the root length of the second and third molar teeth. A dataset of 1000 panoramic radiographs with intact second and third molars ranging from 12 to 25 years was archived. The length of the mesial and distal roots was measured using ImageJ software. The dataset was classified in three ways based on the age distribution: 2–Class, 3–Class, and 5–Class. We used Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Logistic Regression models to train, test, and analyze the root length measurements. The mesial root of the third molar on the right side was a good predictor of age. The SVM showed the highest accuracy of 86.4% for 2–class, 66% for 3–class, and 42.8% for 5–Class. The RF showed the highest accuracy of 47.6% for 5–Class. Overall the present study demonstrated that the Deep Learning model (fully connected model) performed better than the Machine Learning models, and the mesial root length of the right third molar was a good predictor of age. Additionally, a combination of different root lengths could be informative while building a Machine Learning model.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between both parental dental fear and children’s dental fear and its impact on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of Saudi children in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Data on 93 individuals aged 7–12 years were collected using clinical examination and Arabic-validated questionnaires: the Child Oral Health Impact Profile-Short Form (COHIP-SF19), and the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule—Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS). Negative binomial regression analysis was performed to study the association between children’s fear and parental dental fear as well as the OHRQoL, while adjusting for certain confounders. Results: Overall, our multivariate analyses showed that children with high dental fear (CFSS-DS ≥ 38, p = 0.027) and a higher percentage of dental caries (p = 0.013) had a significantly lower OHRQoL after adjusting for clinical and socio-demographic factors. Further, parental fear of dentists was significantly associated with children’s fear of dentists (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that children’s fear and dental caries are both associated with poorer OHRQoL. Further, parental dental fear about dentists was associated with children’s fear of dentists.

Transmigration of teeth is a relatively less well known phenomenon. Its etiology is not so well understood. We present a case of bilateral transmigration of mandibular canines with a type 5 classification pattern (Muparappu) in a 21 year old male patient with emphasis on its etiology and complications accompanying its management

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a genetic disease associated with fragility and bullous lesions of the skin and mucous membranes. There are various patterns of inheritance and histopathology. The disease is associated with systemic and oral manifestations, among which may be dental decay necessitating oral rehabilitation. The aim of this article is to present the course of the condition in a child with dystrophic EB and also to report an association between EB, hypodontia, and supernumerary teeth which has not been reported earlier in literature.

Fanconi anaemia is a rare, progressive congenital bone marrow failure syndrome characterised by autosomal recessive inheritance and clinical manifestations, including growth retardation, bone marrow failure leading to pancytopenia, an elevated risk of malignancy, skin pigmentation, and skeletal malformations. Patients who have undergone bone marrow transplantation can be treated comprehensively in the dental clinic like other routine patients, provided their blood indices are within normal limits. Its complications include aplastic anaemia, malignancies like acute myeloid leukaemia, liver tumours, and squamous cell carcinoma, often developing post-bone marrow transplantation. Dental anomalies, altered salivary flow, and increased susceptibility to cancer necessitate early diagnosis and specialised dental care. Hereby, the authors present a case of 15-year-old male with Fanconi Anaemia who had undergone bone marrow transplantation and was treated comprehensively in a hospital setting. The present case report aimed to equip healthcare practitioners, especially dentists, with the knowledge needed for accurate diagnosis and effective management.

Teeth form an excellent material for anthropological, genetic, odontologic and forensic investigations. The aim of this study was to establish the genetic control of sexual dimorphism in tooth size amongst siblings of Goan children in age range of 14-22 years. Twenty-two sibling pairs were selected (22 males and 22 females) to assess genetic control of sexual dimorphism in tooth size. Alginate impressions were obtained for maxillary and mandibular arches and study models were prepared. Measurements were done using Zoom Digimatic Vernier Calipers with a resolution of 0.01 mm. Correlation between mesiodistal and buccolingual tooth sizes amongst siblings was calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. A statistically significant association was found between Mesiodistal Widths of Permanent Maxillary Right and Left Second Molars and between Maxillary Right and Left First Premolars amongst sibling pairs. A statistically significant association was also found between Buccolingual Widths of Mandibular Right and Left First Premolars amongst sibling pairs. This statistically significant correlation found amongst siblings establishes a genetic control over sexual dimorphism in these teeth. The genetic basis of sexual dimorphism in human dentition was ascertained as a significant correlation was found between mesio-distal and bucco-lingual widths of premolars between sibling pairs.