Biomass is a significant renewable feedstock for the generation of bioenergy and a gateway to a shift from fossil fuels to a renewable energy system. Efficient fractionation of biomass into the main components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) is still a problem due to its complexity. Organosolv fractionation is a recently emerging pretreatment technology that employs organic solvents to selectively fractionate biomass components with high purity. In the present review, organosolv fractionation is thoroughly discussed in the context of solvent selection, use of catalyst, and comparison with other pretreatment processes. Biochemical and thermochemical routes of fractioned biomass to bioenergy are also provided. Systematic search and critical evaluation of the peer‐reviewed literature from 2000 to 2024 in scientific databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were made for the review. A rigorous screening procedure resulted in the inclusion of 191 relevant articles, concentrating on recent innovations and real‐life applications of organosolv fractionation. The findings show that organosolv fractionation enhances the efficiency of biomass conversion and product diversity and adheres to the principles of a circular bioeconomy through the recovery of the solvent and production of valuable bio‐based chemicals. Despite its promising characteristics, the process is faced with challenges like high operating costs and low solvent recovery, and, therefore, more research is required to implement it in large‐scale processes. This review focuses on the relevance of organosolv fractionation as a clean biomass fractionation process and its potential to be included in future biorefinery systems to allow the transition toward a low‐carbon energy era.

In today’s world, the use of paper and cardboard increasing but the availability of raw materials and the environmental impact on the paper industry is a big concern. To address these concerns, researchers are exploring the potential of agricultural waste products as raw materials for pulp production. This study uses morphological, chemical composition, FTIR, XRD, and thermogravimetric analysis to examine the potential of banana pseudo-stem as a raw material for paper pulp to address environmental concerns and raw material shortages in the paper industry. The study reveals favorable characteristics for papermaking, including long fiber length (1750 μm), thin cell wall thickness (9.7 μm), and large lumen diameter (22.15 μm). The chemical composition of banana pseudo-stem contains cellulose (44.93 %), hemicellulose (23.7 %), and Klason lignin (11.1) showing its suitability for pulp production. FTIR analysis highlights the functional groups present on the banana pseudo-stem. The XRD analysis shows that it has a similar cellulosic peak and crystallinity index with common raw materials used in pulp production. The thermogravimetric analysis shows that the banana pseudo-stem has high thermal stability. The findings demonstrate that banana pseudo-stem, both by itself and in combination with other raw materials, might be a potential raw material for the pulp production.

Valorization of waste from the agro-industry is important for the advancement of the circular bioeconomy framework and the establishment of integrated, sustainable biorefineries. This study demonstrates the valorization of Argemone ochroleuca seed meal, a hexane-defatted lignocellulosic biomass, for the simultaneous production of bioethanol, hydrochar, and biopolymer precursor. Compositional analysis shows that 30.2% cellulose, 19.7% hemicellulose, and 22.1% lignin, showing the potential conversion to biofuels and carbonaceous products. Structural characterization confirmed the presence of reactive functional groups, appropriate porosity, moderate crystallinity, and good thermal stability, ideal for hydrothermal process for biomaterial synthesis. Organosolv pre-treatment using acidified ethanol–water mixture enabled effective fractionation with 89.4% cellulose recovery and solubilization of over 86% hemicellulose and lignin. Recovered cellulose was hydrolysed and fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae to yield 2.17 g ethanol per 10 g biomass (67.2% theoretical yield). Parallel to this, hydrothermal carbonization of A. ochroleuca seed meal at 180–230 °C for 2–4 h yielded hydrochar with fixed carbon as high as 41.2% and a higher heating value of 27.5 MJ/kg. From the recovered hemicellulose fraction 0.887 g of pentose sugars per gram of hemicellulose obtained. On polymeric content adjustment, pentosan content was 0.781 g g ⁻¹ or 78.1% of isolated hemicellulose. Coupling organosolv and hydrothermal valorization processes makes A. ochroleuca seed meal as a suitable feedstock for zero-waste biorefineries to co-produce bioethanol, hydrochar, and biopolymers precursors in a systemic manner. Pilot-scale validation, life-cycle analysis, and techno-economic viability should be targeted in subsequent studies. Graphical abstract

The study examines how various cooking techniques (boiling and steaming) and drying processes (oven, solar, and fan‐assisted room drying (FARD)) affect the quality attributes of instant mashed potato flakes (IMPFs). The product was analyzed for its proximate composition, physical properties, and functional properties. The results demonstrated that the moisture content was the only proximate composition significantly affected by the cooking methods, drying techniques, or their interaction. Moisture was notably higher in samples subjected to forced FARD (8.79%) and lowest in oven‐dried samples (7.65%). Vitamin C retention was maximized by steaming and FARD, with FARD‐dried samples retaining up to 4.55 mg/100 g compared with 3.59 mg/100 g in oven‐dried flakes. Drying method significantly influenced flake lightness ( L ^∗ ) and particle size distribution, where oven drying produced the darkest and finest granules. Functional properties were similarly affected by drying technology: Oven‐dried flakes exhibited the highest water absorption index (WAI), whereas solar‐dried flakes showed the greatest oil absorption capacity (OAC). Overall, the results demonstrate that cooking method primarily governs nutritional retention, while drying technology is the dominant factor shaping the physical and functional attributes of IMPFs. Accordingly, this study provides evidence‐based insights to support the targeted optimization of nutritional and functional qualities in potato flake production.