Background: Body composition is a crucial factor associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, no study on this relationship has been performed in the Chinese population. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body composition indicators and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among Chinese adults undergoing medical examination. Methods: Between January 2018 and July 2018, a retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 3367 (2307 male and 1060 female) participants aged ≥18 years undergoing medical examination in Zhengzhou. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the relationship between body composition indicators and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to calculate cutoff points and the predictive power of each indicator. Results: Among the 3367 participants, 12.53% were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that male participants (odds ratio [OR] = 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–2.19), older participants (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.04–1.06), participants with a waist-to-hip ratio above the reference value (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.18–2.07), participants with body fat percentage above the reference value (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.01–2.68), and participant with a large visceral fat area (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01–1.02) had a high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage, and visceral fat area were the best indicators of type 2 diabetes mellitus (P < 0.001) with cutoff values of 0.90, 25.02%, and 92.00 cm², respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests a predictive relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and body composition indicators of waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage, and visceral fat area, which are valuable for screening diabetes and providing effective health education and behavioral intervention for high-risk populations.

Background: Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) has been shown to be a valuable predictor of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of this study was to investigate the influencing factors of CIMT among adults in Central China.Methods: A total of 2,578 participants who underwent physical examination in Henan Provincial People’s Hospital between January 2018 and July 2018 were enrolled. The respondents were divided into two subgroups according to their CIMT value (CIMT ≥1.0 mm group and CIMT <1.0 mm group). Variables considered were age, gender, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and uric acid levels, as well as hypertension, diabetes, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage, and visceral fat area (VFA). Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the potential factors influencing CIMT.Results: The proportion of CIMT ≥1.0 mm among the physical examination population was 27.42% (707/2 578). The analysis of the two groups revealed significant differences in age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol. In the logistic regression analysis, age (OR=1.071, 95%CI=1.062–1.080), male sex (OR=2.012, 95%CI=1.251–2.238), hypertension (OR=1.337, 95%CI=1.031–1.735), diabetes (OR=1.535, 95%CI=1.045–2.255), HDL cholesterol (OR=0.540, 95%CI=0.366–0.796), and LDL cholesterol (OR=1.336, 95%CI=1.154–1.544) were significantly associated with abnormal CIMT.Conclusion: Early screening should be carried out among men, the older adults, and those with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.

Background: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) has been established as a reliable predictor of prognosis for several cancer types; however, its role in the prognosis of lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential predictive value of SO on survival outcomes in lung cancer patients undergoing ICI therapy. Methods: From May 2018 to October 2020, lung cancer patients who received immunotherapy at a tertiary hospital in Henan Province were retrospectively evaluated using data from the electronic medical record system. Data on demographic characteristics, biochemical markers, current illnesses and treatments, and nutrition-related information were documented. Sarcopenia was evaluated using the skeletal muscle index (SMI) (cm ² /m ² ), which was calculated by measuring the muscle mass area from a cross-sectional CT image at the L3 vertebra level prior to immunotherapy. Results: The 119 participants were divided into four groups: control, sarcopenia, obesity, and SO. Among these participants, 15.13% were diagnosed with SO. The results demonstrated that for 3-year survival rates, patients with SO had the highest mortality rate (with a median survival of 22.55 months), followed by those with sarcopenia alone (median survival: 28.29 months) and those with obesity alone (median survival: 28.99 months) ( p < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that SO ( HR = 3.479, 95% CI = 1.374–8.814), creatinine level ( HR = 0.963, 95% CI = 0.936–0.990), receiving ICIs as second-line therapy ( HR = 4.274, 95% CI = 1.941–9.411), receiving ICIs as third-line or later therapy ( HR = 2.980, 95% CI = 1.169–7.597), and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS) score of ≥3 ( HR = 5.274, 95% CI = 2.670–10.418) are independent factors associated with reduced 3-year survival time. Conclusion: SO is an independent prognostic factor for lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy. Early identification and targeted management of sarcopenic obesity are crucial for optimizing treatment strategies and improving survival outcomes in ICI-treated lung cancer patients.

Background: Obesity has become a significant contributor to non-communicable diseases worldwide, making it imperative to explore effective weight-loss methods. Alternate day modified fasting (ADMF) has emerged as a popular approach, but its effects on uric acid (UA) dynamics and body composition in Chinese populations remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether ADMF could change body composition and cardiometabolic parameters in individuals with obesity, and to analyze the correlation between changes in body composition indices and UA levels. Methods: A total of 35 adults were recruited and completed a 62-day trial, which consisted of a 32-day high-controlled fasting phase (HCFP) and a 30-day low-controlled fasting phase (LCFP). Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and blood pressure (BP) and metabolic parameters were assessed at baseline, day 16, day 32, and day 62. Results: Of the 35 participants (20 males, 15 females; mean age 36.23 ± 8.98 years; baseline body weight 100.02 ± 16.89 kg; baseline BMI 35.47 ± 4.15 kg/m ² ), body weight decreased significantly over the entire 62-day ADMF intervention (absolute loss: −6.83 ± 4.26 kg; −7.02%, P < 0.001). The proportion of total weight loss attributable to fat free mass (FFM) was 22.68%. During HCFP, weight decreased by −6.38% (absolute loss: −6.29 ± 3.11 kg, P < 0.001), with significant reductions in body fat mass (BFM, −11.14%, P < 0.001), FFM (−3.32 %, P < 0.001), visceral fat area (VFA, −13.10%, P < 0.001), and waist circumference (WC, −5.35%, P < 0.001). However, significant losses in soft lean mass (SLM; −3.40%, P < 0.001) and fat free mass (FFM; −3.32%, P < 0.001) were observed during HCFP, with partial improvement during LCFP (SLM: +0.73%, P = 0.031; FFM: +0.78%, P = 0.022). A transient but significant increase in UA occurred during HCFP (+27.30 ± 79.60 umol/L, +8.85% from baseline, P = 0.047), which subsequently decreased during LCFP (−33.70 ± 72.48 μmol/L, −6.67% from Day 32 to Day 62, P = 0.012). This UA elevation was correlated with concurrent loss of SLM ( r = −0.340, P = 0.025). Conclusion: A phased ADMF intervention was associated with effective reduction in adiposity and improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors. However, the transient hyperuricemia and lean muscle loss during the intensive phase suggest that UA monitoring and muscle-preserving strategies may be considered to optimize the safety and efficacy of ADMF protocols.