This study aimed to assess the relationship between skeletal malocclusion and radiomorphometric indices of the mandible in long face patients. This cross-sectional study evaluated 174 lateral cephalograms and panoramic radiographs of long face patients between the ages of 17 and 30 presenting at the Orthodontics Department of Qazvin Dental School. The gonial angle, antegonial angle, type of antegonial notch, and depth of antegonial notch were measured bilaterally on panoramic radiographs. The correlation between the radiomorphometric parameters and the type of occlusion was analyzed using one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test (alpha = 0.05). The mean size of gonial angle was significantly different among the three classes of occlusion (p = 0.046), while the difference was not significant regarding the antegonial angle size and antegonial notch depth (p > 0.05). An independent t-test showed that the mean sizes of gonial angle (p = 0.026) and antegonial angle (p = 0.036), and the antegonial notch depth (p = 0.046) in males, were significantly greater than the values in females. According to the Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test, the right antegonial notch type was significantly different among the three classes of malocclusion (p = 0.006), while this difference was not significant in the left side (p = 0.318). The right antegonial notch type II was more common in males, while the right antegonial notch type I was more common in females (p = 0.014). According to the results, the indices of gonial angle and type of antegonial notch can be clinically useful for predicting the growth rate of the mandible and designing the appropriate treatment in long face patients.

Objectives: Dental anxiety is a common phenomenon experienced by children in the dental setting. However, there is limited research on the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral interventions in managing this anxiety. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a cognitive-behavioral psychologic intervention on dental anxiety in children. Materials and Methods: A total of thirty children, aged 7-10 years, underwent prophylaxis and fluoride therapy. The baseline anxiety levels of the children were determined using the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS). The intervention group (N=15) received two 30-minute sessions of cognitivebehavioral exercises. Additionally, a short film demonstrating a cooperative child undergoing pulpotomy was created and parents were instructed to show it to their children at home. During the treatment session, the exercises were reinforced at each step, and the MCDAS questionnaire was administered again. The children’s behavior was also assessed using the Venham Clinical Cooperation Scale. Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, chi-square, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Postoperatively, the MCDAS score in the intervention group was significantly lower compared to the control group. Notably, the intervention group demonstrated a downward trend in anxiety scores, while the control group showed an increase (P<0.001). Conclusion: Cognitive-behavioral interventions were found to be successful in decreasing dental anxiety in children undergoing pulpotomy. These interventions can be successfully implemented in clinical settings.

Introduction. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of different educational tools for knowledge enhancement of elementary school staff about the management of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). Materials and Methods. This quasi-experimental (pretest–posttest) study was conducted on 126 elementary school staff in Qazvin city, who were randomly selected by the cluster sampling in 2020. The baseline knowledge level of the participants about TDIs was assessed by an online questionnaire. Next, they were randomized into the poster, video clip, and no-intervention control groups (56 samples in each group). An informatory poster and a video clip about TDIs were sent to the participants in the first two groups, respectively, through the WhatsApp instant messaging app, and the knowledge level of the three groups was assessed again after 3 weeks. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, McNemar test, chi-square test, and t-test. Results. A significant correlation was noted between the baseline knowledge level of the participants and their educational level, participation in first aid courses covering TDIs, and history of encountering TDIs ( ). The knowledge level of the participants significantly increased after the intervention in the poster and video clip groups ( ). Knowledge enhancement was 43.26% in the poster and 36.61% in the video clip group ( ). Conclusion. Despite the low-baseline knowledge level of the elementary school staff in Qazvin city about TDIs, their knowledge level significantly improved after the educational interventions.

Objectives: This study is aimed at systematically evaluating the accuracy and reliability of dental age (DA) estimation methods and conducting a meta‐analysis of studies on different DA estimation methods in Iranian children. Methods: A systematic search of English and Persian literature from database inception to March 2024 was conducted across international and national databases to identify eligible studies on DA estimation using radiographs in Iranian children. Studies that used dental radiographs from healthy individuals aged 3–18 years and reported the mean difference (MD) between DA and chronological age (CA) were included. The meta‐analysis calculated the MD between dental and chronological age, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), to assess the applicability of the DA method for estimating CA in the Iranian population. Results: Twenty‐seven eligible published articles were included in this study. Demirjian′s method overestimated age (overall MD: males: +0.784 years; females: +0.323 years). Among the alternative methods studied in the systematic review, Moorrees and Nolla′s methods tended to underestimate age, whereas Cameriere, Smith, and London Atlas′methods tended to overestimate age. Conclusion: Most methods studied consistently overestimated age and should be used cautiously in forensic age estimation, underscoring the importance of tailoring methods such as the Demarjian method for the Iranian population to ensure accuracy and relevance in professional practice. Additional studies employing similar methodologies and focusing on the customization of dental age estimation methods are recommended to improve accuracy and applicability across diverse populations.

Background: Hyperdontia and hypodontia are two tooth number anomalies that often cause esthetic and functional problems. Early detection is the key to more effective treatment. This research set out to estimate the aggregated prevalence of tooth number anomalies in Iran. Methods: International databases comprising PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science, and Iranian databases including Magiran (Magiran.com) and Idml.research.ac.ir were systematically searched for cross-sectional studies on the prevalence of hyperdontia and hypodontia until December 2025. The random effects model was used to derive the combined prevalence estimate of each anomaly. Meta-regression and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the sources of heterogeneity. Results: The prevalence of each anomaly was estimated by the meta-analysis of 14 eligible studies regarding hyperdontia and 17 studies about hypodontia. The estimated prevalence of hyperdontia and hypodontia was 1.2% and 6.0% in Iran, respectively. Meta-regressions showed a significantly higher prevalence of hyperdontia in males, but hypodontia prevalence showed no association with sex. An insignificant reduction in the prevalence of both anomalies was noted over time. No significant correlation was found between age and hyperdontia, but hypodontia prevalence decreased with advancing age. In both anomalies, the maxilla was more involved than the mandible. Also, most patients with hypodontia had Angle’s class II malocclusion. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of hyperdontia and hypodontia was 1.2% and 6.0%, respectively, in the Iranian population. Moreover, considerable heterogeneity was observed in the prevalence of both anomalies.

Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) represents a qualitative developmental defect of the enamel that most commonly manifests in the permanent first molars, with possible extension to the permanent incisors. Several studies have investigated MIH across different regions of Iran. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the overall prevalence of MIH in Iran. Methods: Scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science, as well as Iranian databases including Magiran (Magiran.com) and Idml.research.ac.ir, were searched until April 2025. Studies with a cross-sectional design on the prevalence of MIH were included. To calculate the pooled prevalence, random effects models were used. Assessment of heterogeneity was performed using meta-regression and sensitivity analyses. Results: Fourteen eligible studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The pooled prevalence of MIH in Iran was calculated at 21.6% (95% CI, 15.5 to 27.7%). The prevalence was 23.5% (95% CI, 12.8 to 34.2%) in girls and 22.4% (95% CI, 15.9 to 24.9%) in boys. According to meta-regression, MIH prevalence increased with increasing age, but this was not statistically significant (P=0.518). Conclusion: We observed high heterogeneity in the reported prevalence of MIH among the primary studies. MIH is a widespread dental condition in Iran, with a pooled prevalence of 21.6%, which appears higher than the global prevalence. Therefore, it is necessary to improve dental healthcare providers’ awareness regarding this condition and to consider MIH during routine dental examinations.