Students’ academic success is influenced not only by their cognitive abilities and knowledge, but also non-cognitive factors. Studies show growing disinterest in science and math among students, especially females. Therefore this study aimed explore in depth the subject-specific motivation, mindset, mindfulness, cognitive persistence, mastery pleasure and subject-specific self-concept of 3rd and 4th grade students in relation to school performance by grades and by genders. Through student responses obtained by filling out questionnaires the results revealed a lot of correlations among the self-concept, motivational and other variables. It means that self-concepts and motivations connected to school subjects have significant relationship with the examined non-cognitive factors. The results also showed that the girls’ mathematical self-concept is already less positive than boys’ by grade 4. Furthermore the results of the ordinal regression analysis indicate that in the case of girls the predictors of academic achievement are more diversified, including more factors.

Background: Our study aimed to examine whether health anxiety, social support, and ways of coping relate to dissociation directly or only through the mediation of perceived stress, moderated by the time of measurement (lockdown). We investigated the effect of perceived stress on different forms (sub-scales) of dissociation. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted by an online form at two points in time: the beginning and the later stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: We received a total of 1711 responses. Perceived stress moderately correlated with dissociation in both international and Hungarian samples. Health anxiety showed a strong direct and indirect correlation with dissociation. Regarding social support, the support of family significantly decreased the dissociative experiences in the Hungarian sample mediated by perceived and direct stress. In the international sample, goal-oriented coping strategies strongly decreased all dissociation scales in the first measurement, through the mediation of perceived stress. As for the Hungarian sample, positive thinking was found to decrease dissociation by decreasing perceived stress. Conclusion: health anxiety, coping, and social support appeared to influence dissociation directly and through the mediation of perceived stress. Social support, mainly support of the family and problem-focused coping strategies may decrease the level of stress, this way decreasing dissociative behavior.

Cél A Hewitt–Flett Multidimenzionális Perfekcionizmus Kérdőív validálása, a tehetség-tanácsadásban felhasználható magyar verzió kialakítása. Az adaptív és maladaptív perfekcionizmussal együtt járó motivációs mintázatok feltérképezése, továbbá a perfekcionizmus dimenzióinak feltáró vizsgálata különböző oktatási szinteken, illetve tehetséggondozó tagozaton tanuló és normál középiskolai populáció között. Módszer önbeszámolós kérdőívek, megerősítő faktoranalízis, nonparaméteres eljárások. Minta A vizsgálatban összesen 446 fő vett részt. A 16–19 éves középiskolás tanulók száma: 265 fő (59,4%); a felsőoktatásban tanulók létszáma: 181 fő (40,6%). A középiskolai tanulók közül 123 f\xC5\x91 (a teljes minta 27,6%-a) tehetséggondozó tagozaton tanul. Eszközök Kérdőíves eljárásokat alkalmaztunk, melyek a következők: Hewitt–Flett-féle (1991) Multidimenzionális perfekcionizmus skála, Lang és Fries-féle (2006) Teljesítménymotiváció Kérdőív, illetve a Tehetség Motivációs Öndefiníciós Kérdőív (Dávid, 2011). Eredmények A magyar mintán kapott eredmények összhangban állnak a nemzetközi standardokkal. A tehetségesek szignifikánsan magasabb perfekcionizmussal jellemezhetők, s nemi különbségek is igazolhatók. A társas előírásként megélt (maladaptív) perfekcionizmus együtt jár a kudarckerüléssel, negatívan korrelál az akarat, kitartás, általános aktivitás faktorokkal. A szelforientált (adaptív) perfekcionizmus pozitívan korrelál a magas igényszinttel, a sikerkereséssel, továbbá a szándék/akarat, kitartás, érdeklődés/tudásvágy, valamint általános aktivitás faktorokkal. Igazoltuk a motivációs korrelátumok eltérő mintázatát, illetve a perfekcionizmus skálákban kimutatható különbségek létét almintánként és oktatási szintenként egyaránt. Aims To validate Hewitt and Flett’s Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and to develop its Hungarian version for the purpose of talent counselling. To map motivational patterns attached to adaptive and mal-adaptive perfectionism, moreover, to uncover dimensions of perfectionism among pupils studying in different educational levels and with a regular or gifted and talented curriculum. Method self-report questionnaire study, confirmatory factor analysis, non-parametric statistical tests. Sample: 446 subjects participated in the study. Number of students aged between 16 and 19: 265 (59,4%), from which 123 (27,6% of the total sample) were studying with gifted and talented curriculum; number of higher education students: 181 (40,6%). Instruments We used the following self-report questionnaires: Hewitt and Flett’s (1991) Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Lang and Fries’s (2006) Revised Achievement Motives Scale and Gifted and Talented Self-Definition Motivation Scale (David et al., 2010). Results Results of the Hungarian sample are congruent with international standards. Gifted and talented students are characterized by significantly higher level of perfectionism, and gender differences are verified, too. Socially prescribed (maladaptive) perfectionism correlated positively with failure-avoidance and negatively with motivational factors will, persistence and general activity. Self-oriented (adaptive) perfectionism positively correlated with high demand level, success-seeking, and in addition, with motivational factors will, persistence, interest and general activity. Therefore, we verified the different patterns of motivational correlates and differences regarding subscales of perfectionism between subgroups and educational levels as well.

Background: Our study aimed to examine how modulating variables such as social support, health anxiety, coping, gender, being separated from home, and lockdown can modify or amplify the effect of perceived stress as a starting variable in the point of view of the output variable, dissociation. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in online form at two points in time: the beginning and the later stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: We received a total of 1711 responses. Perceived stress moderately correlated with dissociation in both International and Hungarian samples. Health anxiety showed a strong direct and indirect correlation with dissociation. Regarding social support, the support of family significantly decreased the dissociative experiences in the Hungarian sample through mediating the stress and directly as well. In the international sample, the goal-oriented coping strategy had a strong decreasing effect on all dissociation scales in the first measurement, through mediation of perceived stress. As to the Hungarian sample, positive thinking was found to decrease dissociation through decreasing perceived stress. Conclusion: The cause and effect relationship between stress and dissociation may be tinctured by health anxiety, coping and social support, influencing dissociacion directly and indirectly. Social support, mainly support of the family and problem-focused coping strategies seem to alleviate dissociation-provoking effect of stress.

A cikk a közúti viselkedések (agresszió, düh, megtorlás stb.) megjelenését és facilitáló tényezőit foglalja össze, és áttekinti a nemzetközi szakirodalomban legtöbbet kutatott egyéni jellemzőket. A személyiségvonások mellett a demográfiai jellemzők és társas hatások szerepét is bemutatják.