The most common malignancy in women is breast cancer. During the development of cancer, oncogenic transcription factors facilitate the overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and cell adhesion molecules. Antiapoptotic proteins are markedly upregulated in cancer cells, which promotes tumor development, metastasis, and cell survival. Promising findings have been found in studies on the cell cycle-mediated apoptosis pathway for medication development and treatment. Dietary phytoconstituents have been studied in great detail for their potential to prevent cancer by triggering the body’s defense mechanisms. The underlying mechanisms of action may be clarified by considering the role of polyphenols in important cancer signaling pathways. Phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, lignans, lignins, naphthoquinones, anthraquinones, xanthones, and stilbenes are examples of natural chemicals that are being studied for potential anticancer drugs. These substances are also vital for signaling pathways. This review focuses on innovations in the study of polyphenol genistein’s effects on breast cancer cells and presents integrated chemical biology methods to harness mechanisms of action for important therapeutic advances.

Breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer in women. Oncogenic transcription factors promote the overproduction of cellular adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines during cancer development. Cancer cells exhibit significant upregulation of antiapoptotic proteins, resulting in increased cell survival, tumor growth, and metastasis. Research on the cell cycle-mediated apoptosis pathway for drug discovery and therapy has shown promising results. In fact, dietary phytoconstituents have been extensively researched for anticancer activity, providing indirect protection by activating endogenous defense systems. The role of polyphenols in key cancer signaling pathways could shed light on the underlying mechanisms of action. For instance, Rosmarinic Acid, a polyphenol constituent of many culinary herbs, has shown potent chemoprotective properties. In this review, we present recent progress in the investigation of natural products as potent anticancer agents, with a focus on the effect of Rosmarinic Acid on triple-negative BC cell lines resistant to hormone therapy. We highlight a variety of integrated chemical biology approaches aimed at utilizing relevant mechanisms of action that could lead to significant clinical advances in BC treatment.

The epidemic prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), despite extensive research in the field, underlines the importance of focusing on personalized therapeutic approaches. However, nutrigenetic effects on NAFLD are poorly investigated. To this end, we aimed to explore potential gene-dietary pattern interactions in a NAFLD case–control study. The disease was diagnosed with liver ultrasound and blood collection was performed after an overnight fast. Adherence to four a posteriori, data-driven, dietary patterns was used to investigate interactions with PNPLA3-rs738409, TM6SF2-rs58542926, MBOAT7-rs641738, and GCKR-rs738409 in disease and related traits. IBM SPSS Statistics/v21.0 and Plink/v1.07 were used for statistical analyses. The sample consisted of 351 Caucasian individuals. PNPLA3-rs738409 was positively associated with disease odds (OR = 1.575, p = 0.012) and GCKR-rs738409 with lnC-reactive protein (CRP) (beta = 0.098, p = 0.003) and Fatty Liver Index (FLI) levels (beta = 5.011, p = 0.007). The protective effect of a “Prudent” dietary pattern on serum triglyceride (TG) levels in this sample was significantly modified by TM6SF2-rs58542926 (p_interaction = 0.007). TM6SF2-rs58542926 carriers may not benefit from a diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids and carbohydrates in regard to TG levels, a commonly elevated feature in NAFLD patients.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder described by the deposition of triglycerides in the liver, which primarily occurs due to insulin resistance and obesity. Thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRA) is involved in metabolic pathways that promote lipolysis, which can prevent the accumulation of liver fat. As a possible treatment for NAFLD, this in silico study examines the binding interactions between THRA and polyphenols and flavonoids present in fruits and vegetables. Including caffeic acid, curcumin, and chlorogenic acid, the binding affinities of the natural substances to THRA were found comparable to the hormone T3, boosting the THRA–TRAP220 complex, promoting fatty acid oxidation, while decreasing lipid accumulation in the liver.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder described by the deposition of triglycerides in the liver, which primarily occurs due to insulin resistance and obesity. Thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRA) is involved in metabolic pathways that promote lipolysis, which can prevent the accumulation of liver fat. As a possible treatment for NAFLD, this in silico study examines the binding interactions between THRA and polyphenols and flavonoids present in fruits and vegetables. Including caffeic acid, curcumin, and chlorogenic acid, the binding affinities of the natural substances to THRA were found comparable to the hormone T3, boosting the THRA-TRAP220 complex, promoting fatty acid oxidation, while decreasing lipid accumulation in the liver.

Background/Objectives: Internalized weight bias has been linked to adverse mental health outcomes and maladaptive eating-related behaviors. However, its relationship with habitual dietary intake and overall diet quality remains insufficiently explored. The objective of this study was to examine associations between internalized weight bias and habitual energy intake, macronutrient composition, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet among adults with a history of overweight or obesity. Methods: In this web-based cross-sectional study, 484 adults with a history of excess body mass index completed validated assessments of internalized weight bias (Weight Bias Internalization Scale–Modified; WBIS-M) and usual dietary intake (69-item Food Frequency Questionnaire). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) was assessed via the MedDietScore. Multivariable analyses adjusted for several covariates were performed. Results: Higher levels of internalized weight bias were associated with lower adherence to the MeDi (B_adj = −0.670, p = 0.025). Higher adherence to the MeDi was associated with reduced odds of being classified in the medium or the highest WBIS-M tertile, corresponding to an approximately 5% reduction per 1-unit increment in the MedDietScore. No associations were observed between internalized weight bias and total energy intake. At the macronutrient level, higher internalized weight bias was associated with higher saturated fat intake, independent of total energy intake. Conclusions: Internalized weight bias was associated with poorer habitual diet quality and unfavorable macronutrient profiles, independent of total energy intake. These findings suggest that internalized weight bias relates to qualitative differences in habitual food choices, highlighting the potential importance of addressing weight bias in efforts to improve diet quality among adults with overweight or obesity.