The effect of extensive and intensive green roofs on improving outdoor microclimate parameters of urban built environments is currently a worldwide focus of research. Due to the lack of reliable data for Belgrade, the impact of extensive and intensive green roof systems on mitigating the effects of urban heat islands and improving microclimatic conditions by utilizing high albedo materials in public spaces were studied. Research was conducted on four chosen urban units within existing residential blocks in the city that were representative of typical urban planning and construction within the Belgrade metropolitan area. Five different models (baseline model and four potential models of retrofitting) were designed, for which the temperature changes at pedestrian and roof levels at 07:00, 13:00, 19:00 h, on a typical summer day, and at 01:00 h, the following night in Belgrade were investigated. The ENVI-met software was used to model the simulations. The results of numerical modeling showed that utilizing green roofs in the Belgrade climatic area could reduce air temperatures in the surroundings up to 0.47, 1.51, 1.60, 1.80 ?C at pedestrian level and up to 0.53, 1.45, 0.90, 1.45 ?C at roof level for four potential retrofitting strategies, respectively.

The focus of this study is buildings for public purposes, specifically for higher education, planned in zones of spatial cultural-historical units. Sustainable urban planning in areas with cultural-historical heritage is a particular challenge since the higher education facilities themselves have their own functional requirements, which are much easier to fulfill in “softer” locations. The research objective is to prove the hypothesis that it is possible to indicate a prescription for the practical application of the theoretical model and define the necessary steps to achieve the best sustainable quality results in practice. The paper analyses the associated process, relational settings, circumstances, participants, and timelines, and it presents the results of final designs based on two parallel case studies of new capital buildings for the University of Belgrade. Methodologically it gives an overview of the context, referring to other research and examples, detailing chosen case studies, and describing their backgrounds, conditions and requirements, frameworks, chronologies, approaches, and results. The discussion concludes with theoretical models originating from the comparison of implemented steps in the process of creation and evaluation of architectural ideas and summarized similarities and differences, aiming that there is a common model suitable for further applications. The practical result of the research is findings about the pathway for the best original planning solution emphasized through the institution of urban architectural competitions as a mandatory step, recommending wider participation of experts in the process of evaluation.

The paper discusses the possibilities and limitations of implementing planning documents through an urban project in an area planned exclusively for public use, considering all the acquired obligations defined in the planning process, the competition, public participation and the interest of state institutions. The research includes a case study of the "Urban Planning Project of Ušće Park", which reflects a complexity and challenges in terms of both location, historical context and content. According to the planning basis, the subject area of 91.8 ha should include the 21 st Century Art Museum, the Natural History Museum, an aquarium, a viewpoint, an information point, and attraction facilities. Their positioning was the subject of the urban-architectural competition, the winning solution of which represented the basis for the development of the Urban Planning Project for the Ušće Park. The area of the “Park of Friendship” – Ušće, which is covered by the urban planning project, located at the New Belgrade side of the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, is one of the most valuable spaces for the interaction between the city and its rivers. It represents an exceptional environmental, functional, and spatial resource of the highest rank for the City of Belgrade. With its spatial organization and function, this area represents an urban oasis that has its place in the urbanity of the city and contributes to the formation of the urban landscape.

The practice of implementing urban plans for the construction area of the City of Belgrade has shown that in some cases they do not contain enough elements to implement directly. This is especially true for special purpose sites and facilities, whose design and construction require the pre-definition of more detailed conditions and rules of landscaping and construction. In order to address such issues, the authors explore the practice of developing urban analyses in the case of the air traffic control facility at Belgrade's Nikola Tesla Airport. The paper presents the starting points for developing an urban analysis and excerpts from relevant planning documents, while analyzing the existing condition of the site. The basic results of the analysis show the available capabilities and capacity of the site. In particular, the paper analyzes how well the criteria for building a flight control tower, as a tall object and future location benchmark, were fulfilled. The findings underscore the importance of urban analysis as an instrument for implementing planning solutions for special purpose facilities, which by their nature are unique and of the utmost national importance. The authors also look at urban analysis as a scientific method, while laying out basic guidelines and emphasizing the need for further research.

The paper analyzes the potential of renewable energy sources within the area of City of Belgrade, and explores the possibilities of their further implementation in the field of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency, in line with mandatory EU Directives. A synergetic approach has been proposed in the recommendations for the implementation of goals/targets and policies in the fields of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency in the City of Belgrade. They put an emphasis on the importance of implementation of the strategic documents of the City. Recommendations on have been provided regarding the required institutional preconditions that have to be met in order for these goals to be achieved, as well as urbanistic and building design-related measures/standards in achieving energy efficiency.

Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport, as a complex of strategic importance for the Republic of Serbia, has been the subject of planning, study and design elaboration through several urban planning documents in different periods. Although the realization of the basic planning settings for the development of Belgrade Airport, formulated in 1972 and 1985, was accompanied by economic difficulties and changes in the dynamics and phases of realization, the strategic concept of development of this complex remained unchanged. Further development of the airport through the construction of the second runway, improvement of existing and construction of new facilities in order to increase capacity, monitor trends in air traffic development and growth of passenger and goods traffic, was confirmed through the Master Plan of Belgrade and the Plan of General Regulation of the building area of local self-government units' seats - City od Belgrade, both documents from 2016. A new planning document, the Plan of Detailed Regulation for the airport "Nikola Tesla Belgrade", was adopted in 2020. The Paper analyzes the spatial conditions, gives a historical overview of planning and realization of the area and presents the urban planning solutions for the development of the Airport "Nikola Tesla Belgrade", with a planning horizon until 2043.