The periodontal disease etiology has been a demesne of scrupulous research, with a myriad of bacterial phylotypes inhabiting the periodontal pockets. The aim of our study was to assess the frequency of Filifactor alocis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) subjects having a healthy periodontium (DH) or chronic periodontitis (DCP) and its correlation with clinical parameters and red complex bacteria. Polymerase chain reaction was carried out for the detection of F. alocis and red complex bacteria from subgingival plaque samples. The data were analyzed using Fisher’s Exact Test and Pearson’s chi-square test. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. F. alocis was detected at considerably higher levels in DCP (p < 0.05). F. alocis presence was also positively correlated with T. forsythia detection and the clinical parameters PD and CAL (p < 0.05). Subjects with good glycemic control showed a considerably lower detection of F. alocis as compared to fair- and poor-glycemic-control subjects. This is the first paper reporting the co-occurrence of F. alocis and T. forsythia in diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis. These findings show that F. alocis can play an important role in establishing synergistic collaborations with other pathogenic oral microorganisms and speeding up the course of periodontal disease in diabetics.

Oral biofilms are considered the principal etiological agent in the development of periodontitis. Novel species that may contribute to periodontitis and dysbiosis have been identified recently. The study aims to evaluate the presence of F. alocis and D. pneumosintes in healthy and diseased patients and their association with clinical parameters and with red complex bacteria. The study included 60 subjects, with 30 patients each in the healthy and periodontitis groups. The clinical parameters were noted, and samples were subjected to DNA extraction followed by a polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was performed using the Graph Pad Prism software. Results: F. alocis and D. pneumosintes were detected at a significantly higher percentage in the periodontitis group compared to the healthy group (p < 0.05). D. pneumosintes was significantly associated with T. forsythia in the periodontitis group (p < 0.05). Both of these organisms were present in sites with higher clinical attachment loss (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that both F. alocis and D. pneumosintes were detected at a significantly higher percentage in periodontitis subjects and were detected more frequently in sites with a greater clinical attachment loss. It was also evident that both F. alocis and D. pneumosintes can be present independently of other putative periodontal pathogens.

Aim: The aim of the current study was to isolate stem cells from various dental sources such as dental pulp, periodontal ligament (PDL), and apical papilla, and to characterize stem cells by staining for the presence/absence of specific surface markers and also to differentiate stem cells into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic cell lineages by exposing them to specific growth factors under the ideal conditions. Materials and Methods: A total of 117 samples were included in the study, consisting of 30 pulp, 50 gingival, 35 PDL, and 2 apical papilla samples. The pulp was extirpated and transported to the Central Research Laboratory. Gingival connective tissue was collected from the participants undergoing any crown lengthening procedure or any gingivectomy procedure from the Department of Periodontology. A similar procedure was also followed for apical papilla and PDL. Isolation was done followed by the identification of the cells by immunocytochemistry using different markers. Once the identity of cells was confirmed, these cells were treated with different culture media to attain 70% to 100% confluency. Then the medium was replaced with a conditioning medium containing specific growth factors for differentiation into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic cell lineages. Result: In our study, the number of samples collected and processed was 117. The isolation rate of stem cells from the above-collected samples was 70%. Statistical analysis —no statistical analysis was done as there was no variability expected. Conclusion: Our study showed that stem cells could be isolated, differentiated, and characterized from different dental sources.

Retrograde peri-implantitis is a clinically symptomatic lesion diagnosed as radiolucency in the periapical region of an osseointegrated implant. Retrograde peri-implantitis is one of the causes of implant failure, which is usually diagnosed symptomatically with pain, tenderness, swelling, and the presence of the fistulous tract. There are very limited studies that describe the etiology and the treatment protocols for retrograde periimplantitis. Therefore, this review attempts to compile and discuss the etiology, classification, diagnosis, and treatment plan for retrograde peri-implantitis available in the literature