Introduction: Oral diseases are the most common disease that affect people throughout their life time. The Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 estimated that oral disease affects at least 3.58 billion people worldwide. Indian Dental Associations (IDA) drafted the National Oral Health Programme to address the burden of dental diseases and to bring about ‘optimal oral health’ for all by 2020. With this background, this study intends to assess the prevalence of oral diseases among school children from 3 years to 14 years, from both urban and rural areas, of Mysuru and Chamarajanagar district of Karnataka state, India. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in selected 44 schools of Mysuru and Chamarajanagar districts for a period of one academic year and a total of 9062 students were evaluated for oral diseases. Data was entered in Microsoft excel worksheet. Descriptive statistics like percentage was used. Inferential statistics were applied as needed using licensed version of SPSS 22. Inferential statistical test like Chi-square test was applied to find out the association and was expressed statistically significant at p-value less than 0.05. Results: Among the 9062 children, 50.1% were males and 49.9% were females. Of the total students examined 61.9% were from rural area and 38.1% were from urban areas. There was no much difference in the prevalence of dental diseases among boys and girls and the prevalence of dental caries was high among the students attending urban schools (96.5%) as compared to rural area (86.1%), which was statistically significant. It was seen that aphthous ulcer (0.25%) constituted the most common oral comorbidities. Conclusion: The total prevalence of oral diseases, especially dental caries and dental fluorosis were 27.40% and 1.8% respectively.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of malnutrition among adolescent girls and to assess the association of nutrition with sociodemographic variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescent girls aged 16–19 years. Data regarding sociodemographic variables were collected by administration of a prestructured, pretested questionnaire. Height and weight were measured by standardized techniques in a sample of 700 adolescents. BMI was calculated. IBM SPSS Statistics version 22 was used to determine proportions and for chi-square analysis, independence tests, and binary logistic regression. Results: We found 36.2% of adolescent girls were malnourished, among whom 33.7% were obese and 66.3% were undernourished. Conclusion: Age and education of the mother and father were found to be significantly associated with malnutrition.

Introduction It is proven that adverse intrauterine environment results in ‘early life programming,’ alterations in metabolism and physiological development of the fetus, often termed as ‘Developmental Origins of Health and Disease’ (DOHaD) resulting in a smaller size at birth, greater non-communicable diseases (NCD) risk factors during childhood and adolescence, and cardiometabolic disorders in adulthood. Nevertheless, very few studies have examined the relationship between DOHaD programming and cognition. This study aims to examine if impaired prenatal growth indicated by birth weight is associated with cognition among adolescents in the Kisalaya cohort, a rural birth cohort in South India, thus providing newer insights into DOHaD programming for adolescent mental health in a low-income and middle-income country setting. Methods and analysis Kisalaya cohort was established in 2008, to provide integrated antenatal care and HIV testing using mobile clinics to improve maternal and child health outcomes. This cohort included pregnant women residing in 144 villages of Mysuru Taluk (rural) who received antenatal care through mobile clinics and delivered their children between 2008 and 2011. Data related to mother–infant dyads for all pregnant women who received care in the Kisalaya programme are available for this study. Presently, children born to women who received care through Kisalaya are adolescents between 10 and 12 years. At this point, information would be collected on sociodemographic data and assessments of mental health, stressful life events, cognition, vision, speech, language, hearing and anthropometric measures would be done and relevant maternal data and child data, available from the cohort would be retracted for analysis. We plan to retrace as many adolescents as possible out of 1544 adolescents who are currently available for study excluding twins, abortions, stillbirths and postdelivery deaths. Analyses will be extended to construct a life course pathway for cognition using structural equation modelling.