Premature thelarche (PT) seems to be increasing and it is difficult to differentiate its early stages from precocious puberty (PP). Clinical and biochemical parameters are warranted to differentiate the two diagnoses. One hundred ninety-one girls aged 0.5–7 years were included. Diagnoses were validated and the girls were categorized to the groups PP (n = 27) and PT (n = 164). Anthropometry, Tanner stages, ethnicity, bone age, and biochemistry, were recorded. Conventional variables for diagnosing PP were compared between the groups at time of referral to identify parameters predictive for the diagnosis. The referral rate of PT increased from 1998–2013. Girls with PT and PP differed with regards to age at referral, body mass index standard deviation scores (BMISDS), ethnicity, bone age advancement, basal luteinizing hormone (LH), gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulated LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), basal and stimulated LH/FSH ratio, and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Apart from SHBG there was considerable overlap of the variables between the PT and the PP groups. First, the incidence of PT appears to increase. Second, SHBG was the variable which best discriminated PT from PP. Third, stimulated LH in 1–3 years old girls with PT is similar to stimulated LH in 5–7 years old girls with PP. Age, BMISDS, ethnicity, bone age, stimulated gonadotropins and LH/FSH and SHBG are all useful variables for differentiating PP from PT. However normative data for stimulated LH and FSH in the age group 0.5–7 years are warranted.

Aims: People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face an increased risk of disordered eating (DE) and eating disorders (ED), associated with glucose levels outside target range and an increased risk of complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the type and severity of DE and assess the item accuracy of the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey Revised (DEPS‐R) compared to the Youth Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (YEDE‐Q) in the screening of DE among adolescents with T1D.Methods: Cross‐sectional online survey including DEPS‐R, YEDE‐Q and medical records. Item to total analysis with correlations, and group comparisons were performed.Results: A total of 131 adolescents between 11 and 19 (mean age 15.3 ± 2.2) years completed both DEPS‐R and YEDE‐Q, identifying 21.4% and 22.9% with DE, respectively. Significantly more females (>30%) than males (≈5%) were identified in both measures. More than 50% reported insulin restriction in DEPS‐R vs. 1.5% in YEDE‐Q. YEDE‐Q yielded 32% with weight controlling behaviours, however, half of these were unidentified by DEPS‐R. Item‐total analysis of DEPS‐R showed that item 10 had small correlations to both total score and clinical variables.Conclusion: This study confirms the clinical relevance of DEPS‐R, including associations between DE and female sex, older age, and glucose levels outside target range, however, it may not accurately capture distinct ED risk behaviours, such as excessive exercise or shape and weight related insulin restriction. The item‐total analysis shows that the relevance of item 10 should be further investigated.

Supporting diabetes self-care in school is important for optimal glycemic control and mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate parental experiences of diabetes management in Danish schools, with an emphasis on the importance of school staff support in self-care. This cross-sectional study surveyed parents of schoolchildren with type 1 diabetes aged 6 to 16 years in Denmark. The parents were identified among members of the Danish Diabetes Association and were invited to complete an online questionnaire. A total of 252 parents of schoolchildren with type 1 diabetes answered the questionnaire. Only 28% of the children had a designated staff member responsible for support in diabetes self-care during school hours. Having a designated staff member responsible for support in self-care was positively associated with parental experiences of better school–parent cooperation (p < 0.001), better experience of diabetes management in school (p < 0.001), and larger proportions of children and parents feeling comfortable in school (p = 0.022 and p = 0.049, respectively). School staff support was positively associated with better parental experience of diabetes management and with some parameters of mental health in schoolchildren with type 1 diabetes and their parents in Denmark.

Managing diabetes is complicated for many children. It often requires support from an adult during the school day. In Denmark, most children spend 30–35 h a week at school. Nevertheless, diabetes management in schools remains largely uninvestigated. This study aimed to examine the characteristics and organization of diabetes management in Danish primary schools from the personnel’s perspective. All primary schools in Denmark were invited to participate in the study (n = 2129), and 525 schools were included. A questionnaire was constructed and sent by email. Questionnaire data are presented in the descriptive statistics and compared with the ISPAD guidelines. According to 77.2% of respondents, school personnel had received training in diabetes management, and 78.5% of the schools had at least one person available for diabetes support every day. Respondents felt prepared to help the students with counting carbohydrates (38.9%), dosing insulin (39.1%), and helping the students during high (52.1%) or low (60.3%) blood sugar levels, insulin chock (35.2%), or during activities (36.3%). Yet, diabetes management was a challenging task. Only 61.7% had an action plan for diabetes management, 37.4% had face-to-face information meetings with the parents, and 55.1% of respondents reported having sufficient time to cooperate with the parents.

Background: To assess the prevalence of objective signs of gastrointestinal (GI) autonomic neuropathy (AN) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In addition, to investigate associations between objective GI findings and self-reported symptoms or other findings of AN. Methods: Fifty adolescents with T1D and 20 healthy adolescents were examined with a wireless motility capsule to assess the total and regional GI transit times and motility index. GI symptoms were evaluated with the GI Symptom Rating Scale questionnaire. AN was evaluated with cardiovascular and quantitative sudomotor axon reflex tests. Results: There was no difference in GI transit times in adolescents with T1D and healthy controls. Adolescents with T1D had a higher colonic motility index and peak pressure than the controls, and GI symptoms were associated with low gastric and colonic motility index (all p < 0.05). Abnormal gastric motility was associated with the duration of T1D, while a low colonic motility index was inversely associated with “time in target range” for blood glucose (all p < 0.01). No associations were found between signs of GI neuropathy and other measures of AN. Conclusions: Objective signs of GI neuropathy are common in adolescents with T1D and it seems to require early interventions in patients at high risk of developing GI neuropathy.