The Liaohe River Estuary Wetland, located in Panjin City, plays a critical role in reducing pollution loads, maintaining biodiversity, and ensuring ecological security in China’s coastal regions, contributing significantly to the implementation of the land–sea coordination strategy. As key components of ecological restoration projects, monitoring and evaluating restoration effectiveness provide a reliable basis for decision-making and ecosystem management. This study established an innovative three-dimensional integrated monitoring and evaluation system combining satellite imagery, UAV aerial photography, and field sampling surveys, addressing the technical gaps in multi-scale and multi-dimensional dynamic ecological monitoring. Through systematic monitoring and the assessment of key indicators, including water environment, soil environment, biodiversity, water conservation capacity, and carbon sequestration capacity, we comprehensively evaluated the enhancement effects of ecological restoration projects on regional ecosystem structure, quality, and service functions. The findings demonstrated that the satellite–airborne–ground integrated monitoring technology significantly improved water quality and soil properties, enhanced soil–water conservation capabilities, and increased biodiversity indices and carbon sequestration potential. These results validate the scientific validity of ecological protection measures and the comprehensive benefits of restoration outcomes. The primary contributions of this research lie in the following: developing a novel monitoring framework that provides critical data support for decision-making, project acceptance, effectiveness evaluation, and adaptive management in ecological restoration; establishing transferable methodologies applicable not only to the Liaohe River Estuary wetlands, but also to similar ecosystems globally, showcasing broad applicability in ecological governance.

The slope stability of open-pit mines has always been a major problem affecting the safe production of resources from open-pit step mines. At present, slope excavation in open-pit mines is difficult and slope instability problems are becoming increasingly prominent. In this study, an open-pit bench rock slope in Liaoning Province was taken as the research object. The physical parameters of the rock mass in the area were obtained through engineering drilling and large-scale direct shear tests. Based on the determination of the dominant group of the slope’s structural plane, the seepage deformation failure and maximum stress deformation of the slope were analyzed to explore the stability of high and steep rocky slopes in large open-pit mines. The results show that there is a group of dominant structural planes at the no. 1~3 observation points whose dip angle is steep and consistent with the slope inclination. The dip angle is slightly lesser at the slope toe, and the slope is basically a stable structure. The Janbu method was used to calculate the seepage stability of the slope and it is found that section 4-4 is in a dangerous area. In the stress nephogram, the maximum principal stress is located inside the slope, and the minimum principal stress is located at the surface of the free surface.

As precious cultural heritage sites, the state of preservation of cave temples is closely related to the geological and climatic conditions in which they are located. This paper constructed an analytical method of sized slate stability based on the equivalent support stiffness method. The stability analysis of the roof slab of Yuanjue Cave was carried out by establishing a three-dimensional numerical calculation model. Through comparative analysis of the results of stress and displacement fields under different conditions, the stress and deformation characteristics of the roof slab of Yuanjue Cave were revealed, as well as the study of the main factors affecting the stability of the roof slab of Yuanjue Cave and the key slate to be monitored. The main research results are as follows. The stress deformation of the roof plate of Yuanjue cave is mainly divided into the initial uniform change stage, the medium-term stable change stage or the medium-term accelerated change stage, and the later rapid change stage. With the increase in the number of overhanging and broken slates and the increase in the damage factor of cracked slates, the vertical stress extremum of the stones increases continuously, and the equivalent support stiffness decreases, which aggravates the uneven stress deformation of the roof of the Yuanjue Cave. This study provides a reliable reference basis for the stability analysis and evaluation of the roof slab of a large number of cave temples existing in the Sichuan and Chongqing areas in China.

In deep rock engineering, the stability of the rock is a key factor

To investigate the toppling displacement evolution characteristics of anti-dip rock slopes, the Xiaodongcao-Zhengjiadagou bank slope is taken as an engineering case, and firstly, the geological geometric distribution characteristics of the slope are obtained by superimposing the lithology, slope, and elevation raster layers of the slope through ArcGIS, and the geological partition with the largest area is the Lower Triassic Daye Formation, bottom elevation, and medium slope; based on the actual surface displacement monitoring data, the spatio-temporal evolution nephogram of toppling displacement of bank slope every half year is interpolated by Inverse Distance Weight method, and then the last displacement nephogram is assigned to the thousandth and superimposed with the geological geometric partition to obtain the displacement superposition characteristics. The results show that: the obvious zone of horizontal displacement deformation mainly occurs in the front and middle of the bank slope, mainly shear deformation, vertical displacement is primarily in the front and the back edge of the bank slope and the total displacement deformation is more similar to the horizontal displacement; the horizontal displacement value is larger than the vertical displacement value, the horizontal displacement deformation controls the overall deformation of the bank slope; through the analysis of the geometric superposition evolution of the anti-dip rock slope, the displacement superposition strong deformation zone is located at the boundary between the Triassic Jialingjiang Formation (T1j) and the Triassic Daye Formation (T1d).