Factors contributing to retroviral integration have been intractable because past studies have not precisely located genomic sites of proviruses in sufficient numbers for significant analysis. In this study, 903 murine leukemia virus (MLV) and 379 human immunodeficiency virus–1 (HIV-1) integrations in the human genome were mapped. The data showed that MLV preferred integration near the start of transcriptional units (either upstream or downstream) whereas HIV-1 preferred integration anywhere in the transcriptional unit but not upstream of the transcriptional start. Defining different integration site preferences for retroviruses will have important ramifications for gene therapy and may aid in our understanding of the factors directing the integration process.

Genetic variation among seven populations of Pampus echinogaster collected from the coastal waters of China was investigated based on the mitochondrial DNA control region and microsatellite molecular markers. The results revealed a high level of genetic diversity that may be related primarily to the life history traits and diverse habitats of this species. Analysis of the genetic structure and migration of P. echinogaster revealed weak genetic differentiation among populations, with an absence of a phylogeographic structure, indicating relatively high genetic homogeneity that may be associated with a recent population expansion event. The complex migratory and high dispersal ability of ichthyoplankton, as well as China’s offshore circulation, may have played important roles in shaping the current genetic structure of P. echinogaster. Unlike stock division in conventional fisheries, the present study found no significant differences among the P. echinogaster populations, all of which were panmictic. Therefore, in addition to accounting for conventional fishery stocks, a comprehensive assessment should be conducted by considering the phylogenetic structure among different populations.

The Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) fishery is the largest fishery in the Southern Ocean, and it has been operating for over 45 years. In the past decade, the spatial distribution of the krill fishery has focused on the Bransfield Strait off the Antarctic Peninsula (subarea 48.1). However, the high fishing effort and climate change have placed great pressure on krill resources in this region, and conservation concerns have been raised. Because aging krill is difficult and uncertain, we developed an integrated size-structured model to estimate the fishing mortality, recruitment and spawning biomass of krill. The results indicated that in 1992–2011, the average spawning biomass of krill ranged from 1.14 × 10⁶ to 1.45 × 10⁶ tons, the estimated biomass of the maximum sustainable yield (BMSY) ranged from 3.96 × 10⁵ to 4.90 × 10⁵ tons and the estimated average recruitment ranged from 2.3 × 10¹² to 5.03 × 10¹² individuals in the research area. We explored the effect of different data weighting schemes for the length data on the assessment output. However, our estimates also have uncertainties. In addition, an attempt was made to analyze the correlation between model-estimated recruitment and mature biomass with climate change. Future stock assessments of krill resources should be comprehensive and multimethod, and the management of krill resources should be based on science that considers the demand of fishing communities and ecosystem protection.

Globally, marine fisheries have declined under multiple stresses including overfishing, climate change, and habitat degradation. The Min River Estuary, as the largest estuary in southeastern China, has confronted this situation over recent decades. In this study, the dominant species of fish stocks in the Min River Estuary, including Coilia mystus, Cynoglossus abbreviates, Collichthys lucidus, Amblychaeturichthys hexanema, Polydactylus sextarius, Harpodon nehereus, and Secutor ruconius, were evaluated by the length-based Bayesian biomass estimator method (LBB). Outcomes could be grouped into three categories as healthy, showing the lowest exploitation rate (E: 0.31–0.43) and highest relative biomass (B/B_msy: 1.30–1.90), including S. ruconius, C. mystus, and H. nehereus; overfished, with a medium E (0.50–0.58) and B/B_msy (0.68–0.79), including A. hexanema and C. abbreviates; and collapsed, with the highest E (0.89–0.92) and lowest B/B_msy (0.03–0.21), including C. lucidus and P.sextarius. Corresponding imperative countermeasures such as using larger-sized mesh gears and reducing fishing intensity should be deployed according to the current status of each species for sustainable fishery exploitation and fish conservation.