A low power, dual-gate field-effect transistor (FET) hydrogen gas sensor with graphene decorated Pd-Ag for hydrogen sensing applications was developed. The FET hydrogen sensor was integrated with a graphene-Pd-Ag-gate FET (GPA-FET) as hydrogen sensor coupled with Pt-gate FET as a reference sensor on a single sensor platform. The sensing gate electrode was modified with graphene by an e-spray technique followed by Pd-Ag DC/MF sputtering. Morphological and structural properties were studied by FESEM and Raman spectroscopy. FEM simulations were performed to confirm the uniform temperature control at the sensing gate electrode. The GPA-FET showed a high sensing response to hydrogen gas at the temperature of 25~254.5 °C. The as-proposed FET H₂ sensor showed the fast response time and recovery time of 16 s, 14 s, respectively at the operating temperature of 245 °C. The variation in drain current was positively related with increased working temperature and hydrogen concentration. The proposed dual-gate FET gas sensor in this study has potential applications in various fields, such as electronic noses and automobiles, owing to its low-power consumption, easy integration, good thermal stability and enhanced hydrogen sensing properties.

Electrospinning is a prominent technique for micro/nanofiber production and has received significant attention in the 21^st century. It enables the production of ultrafine fibers using a variety of polymers, including synthetic, natural, and hybrid materials. Electrospun nanofibers (NFs) possess unique properties such as a high surface‐to‐volume ratio, tunable pore structures, and customizable composition, making them highly desirable in various fields such as biomedical science, textiles, sensors, filters, energy, and packaging. Herein, particular attention will be given to the application of NFs in biomedical fields. The use of NFs for the delivery of drugs, growth factors, proteins, nanoparticles, etc., holds significant promise in the field of biomedical science. To combine these compounds with NFs, various electrospinning techniques have been developed with outstanding improvements, and based on the requirements of the application type, different electrospinning processes are favored. In this review, the most common drug loading methods into NFs, generally used synthetic/natural polymers for NF production, and their application in drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and wound dressing will be mentioned. Finally, challenges and future perspectives for above mentioned biomedical applications are discussed.