Surgical site infections (SSIs) are among the most prevalent postoperative complications, with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the past half century, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), the administration of 100% oxygen intermittently under a certain pressure, has been used as either a primary or alternative therapy for the management or treatment of chronic wounds and infections. This narrative review aims to gather information and evidence supporting the role of HBOT in the treatment of SSIs. We followed the Scale for the Quality Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) guidelines and scrutinized the most relevant studies identified in Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science. Our review indicated that HBOT can result in rapid healing and epithelialization of various wounds and has potential beneficial effects in the treatment of SSIs or other similar infections following cardiac, neuromuscular scoliosis, coronary artery bypass, and urogenital surgeries. Moreover, it was a safe therapeutic procedure in most cases. The mechanisms related to the antimicrobial activity of HBOT include direct bactericidal effects through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the immunomodulatory effect of HBOT that increase the antimicrobial effects of the immune system, and the synergistic effects of HBOT with antibiotics. We emphasized the essential need for further studies, especially randomized clinical trials and longitudinal studies, to better standardize HBOT procedures as well as to determine its full benefits and possible side effects.

利用基本公共卫生服务体检数据，通过Meta分析构建普适于中老年人群的2型糖尿病（diabetes mellitus type 2, T2DM） logistic函数风险预测模型。 模型构建：计算机检索中英文数据库关于T2DM危险因素的队列研究，Meta合并危险因素效应值（odds ratio, OR），转换为logistic函数的偏回归系数β；常数项α通过合并各队列研究的发病率进行估计。模型验证：使用受试者操作特征（ receiver operator characteristic, ROC）曲线，以成都市某社区卫生服务中心2017年–2022年7602名初次体检未患T2DM者的基公卫体检随访数据验证模型预测效果。 危险因素Meta分析具有统计学意义的基公卫体检条目有10个，来自40项队列研究，分别为年龄、中心性肥胖、吸烟、缺乏运动、空腹血糖受损、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C）、高血压、体质量指数（body mass index, BMI）、甘油三酯-葡萄糖（triglyceride glucose, TYG）指数和糖尿病家族史，OR（95%置信区间）为1.04（1.03，1.05）、1.55（1.29，1.88）、1.36（1.11，1.66）、1.26（1.07，1.49）、3.93（2.94，5.24）、1.14（1.06，1.23）、1.47（1.34，1.61）、1.11（1.05，1.18）、2.15（1.75，2.62）、1.66（1.55，1.78）；37项研究报告了发病率，合并发病率（95%置信区间）为0.08（0.07，0.09），常数α为－2.442。将构建的T2DM风险预测模型在7602例基公卫体检数据中进行外部验证，曲线下面积（95%置信区间）为0.794（0.771，0.816）。 利用基公卫健康体检数据构建的T2DM风险预测模型具有较好的预测性能，可作为中老年人群T2DM风险预测的实用工具。

Background: Environmental metal pollution poses a potential threat to public health, and reference intervals (RIs) are crucial tools for assessing exposure levels.Aims: Our study was the first to systematically establish RIs for lead, arsenic, mercury, and cadmium in a population in southwest China, examining differences across genders and ages. The study also compared the differences between RIs obtained by two sampling techniques, including direct and indirect sampling, to assess the substitutability and limitations between the two techniques.Materials and Methods: Direct sampling employed atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) on human biomonitoring (HBM) data, while indirect sampling utilized a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) applied to a local Laboratory Information System (LIS) database. RIs were determined using the nonparametric method for both approaches.Results: RIs were established for each metal, with variations observed across age groups for cadmium and lead, and across genders for lead in certain age groups. Most of the RIs established by the direct sampling technique had a narrower range compared to that established by GMM, and the RIs established by the two techniques were partially biased.Discussion and Conclusion: These RIs offer a vital baseline for assessing environmental metal exposure and identifying metal poisoning in Southwest China. Additionally, this study highlights the potential of the GMM‐based indirect sampling technique as a viable alternative to the traditional direct sampling technique, with the dual‐technique comparison enhancing our understanding of their substitutability and limitations, thus opening new avenues for environmental health research.

Objective: Autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred access for patients undergoing hemodialysis. This study sought to identify the optimal intervention for promoting the maturation of AVFs through a network meta-analysis (NMA). Methods: Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched by computer for publications up to May 12, 2025, utilizing primary terms such as “arteriovenous fistula” and “maturation.” Risk of bias was assessed utilizing the tool from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. Funnel plots and Egger’s test were used to assess publication bias. Primary outcomes were the ultrasonographic and clinical maturation of AVFs. The secondary outcome was the vein diameter. An NMA was conducted employing a Bayesian random-effects or fixed-effects model. Mean differences (MD) and relative risks (RR) with 95% credible intervals (CrI) were calculated. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values were utilized to rank different interventions. Analyses were performed using R 4.3.2. Results: Finally, 11 RCTs involving 1202 patients were included. The studies encompassed a total of 5 interventions, namely isometric exercise (ISOM), isotonic exercise (ISOT), ISOM+ISOT, far infrared (FIR) therapy, and balloon-assisted maturation (BAM). The NMA revealed that compared with conventional care, ISOM ranked first in improving clinical maturation (RR = 1.4, 95% CrI: 1.2, 1.7, SUCRA = 98.07%) and ultrasonographic maturation (RR = 1.5, 95% CrI: 1.2, 1.8, SUCRA = 99.88%). ISOM+ISOT ranked first in increasing the diameter of the outflow vein (MD = 0.84, 95% CrI: 0.68, 1.0, SUCRA = 87.24%). Conclusion: This study suggests that, among the evaluated interventions, ISOM has the highest probability of improving clinical maturation of AVFs based on moderate-certainty evidence, and evidence supporting its effect on ultrasonographic maturation is tentative given the limited sample size ( n = 340). ISOM + ISOT demonstrated the greatest likelihood of effectively increasing vein diameter. These findings are probabilistic and require individualized application.