Impairment in glucose regulation is an indicatory effect capable of mediating multiple dysfunction such as cerebrovascular disorder with ischemia and brain damage inclusive. This study aims at investigating the glucose-lowering and neuroprotective capability of Diosgenin (DG) towards hyperglycemia-induced cerebral injury in a developed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Zebrafish (ZF) model. T2DM was developed in ZF with 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w) multiple-low dose (MLD) Streptozotocin (STZ) for 28 days. Different doses of 20 mg/kg b.w (DG1) and 40 mg/kg b.w (DG2) DG was intraperitoneally administered twice in 7 days for a period of 28 days after T2DM was completely developed. Weight and behavioral changes were monitored and the catalytic activity including the plasma glucose level of diseased and treated ZF was spectrometrically estimated. Histopathological studies were employed to image the brain pathological condition during disease and treatment. SPSS was used as the statistical tool for result analysis and comparison of data obtained. STZ significantly (^###p < 0.001) induced hyperglycemia when compared to control as plasma glucose increases from 101.56 ± 4.52 mgdL^-1 to 175.87 ± 6.00 mg/dL. Our results have indicated a marked reduction in glucose concentration from a mean average of 175.87 ± 6.00 mgdL^-1 to 105.68 ± 4.48 mgdL^-1 and 82.06 ± 7.27 mgdL^-1 in DG 1 and DG 2 respectively. Catalytic activity significantly decreases (p < 0.05) from 206.42 ± 30.77 unit/mL to 123.85 ± 29.99 unit/mL at a minimum and maximum value of 103.21 and 275.23 in diseased ZF respectively. On DG treatment, catalytic activity significantly (p < 0.01) rise from 101.58 ± 11.29 and 130.73 ± 27.52 to 130.98 ± 17.13 and 255.96 ± 30.34 with DG1 and DG2 treatment respectively. Studies on the behavioral pattern of STZ-induced anxiolytic effect on ZF confirmed changes in the number of transitions and time spent in both Novel tank test (NTT) and Dark/light test (LDT). Histopathological analysis confirmed the cerebral cortex with inflammatory brain cells in the diseased condition and an attenuation of damage posed revealed in diseased state was largely reversed with DG. As compared to the normal control, a significant ( ^# p < 0.05 and ^### p < 0.001) changes in weight of fishes were recorded and DG1 and DG2 significantly promotes (***p < 0.001) body weight and improves the irregularities in weight of ZF during disease progression. Our study confirms that the potential of DG towards the management of hyperglycemia and hyperglycemia-mediated cerebral ischemic injury is through its blood glucose-lowering properties, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant effect, and anxiolytic capabilities.

This study examines the emergence of green chemistry in Nigerian universities through analysis of perspectives from an eight-member focus group of experts in nanochemistry, green chemistry, and chemistry education. The six-hour discussion evaluates awareness levels, implementation barriers, and future prospects. While participants recognise the importance of green chemistry, several challenges impede its adoption in developing nations, primarily funding constraints, resource limitations, and insufficient awareness. The study identifies key advancement areas: incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) and advanced material science, fostering academic–industrial partnerships, and implementing systematic curriculum reforms. Recommendations emphasise comprehensive green chemistry education, enhanced international collaboration, and improved policies for sustainable chemical practices. The research highlights green chemistry's role in addressing 21st-century challenges like climate change, pollution, and resource scarcity, while emphasising the need for context-appropriate solutions in developing regions. Success in implementing green chemistry principles requires coordinated efforts from academia, industry, and government. Special emphasis is placed on developing human capital in developing nations and facilitating knowledge exchange through international research collaborations. These findings underscore the importance of tailored approaches to green chemistry implementation in developing countries while maintaining global cooperation.

Over the last two decades, scientists have become increasingly interested in metallic nanoparticles due to their unique properties, especially in the biomedical field. Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is a rapidly growing field in nanotechnology due to its viability, reduced toxicity, ecofriendly nature, and ease of preparation. Plants have long been a centre of attraction in the field of medicine because they are a unique source of a variety of bioactive compounds. Silver has been known for its medicinal properties, especially its antibacterial therapeutic effect. Among other metal nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles have taken a special place since it has made a big impact on medical applications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the biomedical qualities of medicinal plants, as well as an overview of their impact on the synthesis of green silver nanoparticles. Various biomedical applications of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles will also be highlighted.

Zinc deficiency affects over 50% of agricultural soils globally and is a key constraint on crop yield and nutritional quality in tropical regions. Conventional zinc fertilizers such as ZnSO4 have limited nutrient use efficiency (< 5%) due to soil fixation and leaching. This paper examined the effectiveness of neem-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (NMZ) with neem leaf extract (NLe) as a sustainable bionanofertilizer for Corchorus olitorius plants (COp). Characteristic NMZ absorption peaks were verified with a UV-Visible spectrophotometer, and a crystal structure of hexagonal wurtzite with an average crystallite size of 16.8 nm was revealed by the X-ray diffraction analysis. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra demonstrated the capping of phytochemicals in NLe. Dynamic Light Scattering results revealed progressive size reduction of highly monodisperse particles with a polydispersity index less than 0.3. Brunauer Emmet Teller analysis showed a relatively higher surface area of smaller particles. Results also revealed that the plant height of COp grew by 28% relative to the control, growing to 18.5 cm at week 7. Leaf count grew by 19%, and the chlorophyll content reached its peak of 31.8 ± 0.5 mg/g fresh weight (FW) of leaves. Soil analyses after harvests showed that NMZ treatments had maintained an optimal pH (6.15–6.26) and significantly enhanced the quantity of available zinc. Plant tissue analysis confirmed enhanced zinc uptake, with shoot zinc content reaching 0.032% in 0.05 M treated plants compared to 0.012% in controls. The results affirm that NMZ is a promising and sustainable complement to conventional zinc nutrition strategies, warranting further field-scale validation.