A comprehensible representation of a molecular network is key to communicating and understanding scientific results in systems biology. The Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) has emerged as the main standard to represent such networks graphically. It has been implemented by different software tools, and is now largely used to communicate maps in scientific publications. However, learning the standard, and using it to build large maps, can be tedious. Moreover, SBGN maps are not grounded on a formal semantic layer and therefore do not enable formal analysis. Here, we introduce a new set of patterns representing recurring concepts encountered in molecular networks, called SBGN bricks. The bricks are structured in a new ontology, the Bricks Ontology (BKO), to define clear semantics for each of the biological concepts they represent. We show the usefulness of the bricks and BKO for both the template-based construction and the semantic annotation of molecular networks. The SBGN bricks and BKO can be freely explored and downloaded at sbgnbricks.org.

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Introduction: An extension of the dermoid cyst below the nasal bone has been identified in 10% of patients in a large series of nasal dermoid cysts, but these are generally easily identifiable and connected to the tract. To date, no previous reports have documented a case with intraosseous dermoid cyst which was completely hidden in the nasal bone. Case Presentation: An 8 year-old previously healthy female was initially found to have a small pit on her nasal dorsum. The lesion developed local infection and she was initially treated with antibiotics two years prior to the current presentation. The lesion was diagnosed as a dermal sinus tract, and surgical removal was conducted at an outside hospital. In retrospect the pre-operative work-up imaging showed an occult intraosseous nasal bone extension, however, this was not appreciated at the initial surgery. She experienced repeat infections and underwent a second surgery with exploration under the nasal bones, however, the patient experienced recurrent postoperative local infections. The family presented to our institution for a second opinion. Our images interestingly illustrate the nasal dermoid cyst extending into the nasal bone at the nasofrontal junction without detectable extraosseous sub-nasal bone extension on the imaging. The patient proceeded with a third surgery for complete removal of the lesion via an extended vertical nasal incision. The nasal bones were removed in their entirety, the occult dermoid cyst with a small tract was located in the nasal bones and the undersurface of the bones were completely debrided. No intracranial extension was observed after careful investigation of the skull base. Particulate corticocancellous bone was used with fibrin sealant to reconstruct the defect. The nasal bones were then replaced. The pathology results were consistent with a dermoid cyst. The post-operative course was uncomplicated and she has not had a recurrence after the third surgery. Discussion/Conclusion: This case, despite an exploration under the nasal bones, initially received incomplete resection and experienced multiple infections because of failure to appreciate the portion hidden in the nasal bones. Our case was successfully treated with ostectomy of nasal bones without recurrence and complications. This procedure allows unobstructed visualization of the entire cyst leading to the complete removal of the lesion. This is an instructive case to show that portions of the cyst may remain hidden and lead to recurrent infection, and complete resection with sufficient exposure of the entire lesion is needed to successfully treat this condition.