Myocardial infarction (MI) causes peripheral organ injury, in addition to cardiac dysfunction, including in the liver, which is known as cardiac hepatopathy. Aerobic exercise (AE) can effectively improve liver injury, although the mechanism and targets are currently not well established. Irisin, mainly produced by cleavage of the fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), is a responsible for the beneficial effects of exercise training. In this study, we detected the effect of AE on MI-induced liver injury and explored the role of irisin alongside the benefits of AE. Wildtype and Fndc5 knockout mice were used to establish an MI model and subjected to AE intervention. Primary mouse hepatocytes were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), rhirisin, and a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. The results showed that AE significantly promoted M2 polarization of macrophages and improved MI-induced inflammation, upregulated endogenous irisin protein expression and activated the PI3K/ protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway in the liver of MI mice, while knockout of Fndc5 attenuated the beneficial effects of AE. Exogenous rhirisin significantly inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory response, which was attenuated by the PI3K inhibitor. These results suggest that AE could effectively activate the FNDC5/irisin-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, promote the polarization of M2 macrophages, and inhibit the inflammatory response of the liver after MI.

Heart rate is an indication for the health of a human being. Traditionally, ECG signal is used to measure and monitor heart rate. This design uses a simple technique to pick up the sound of the heart beat and send the beat signal wirelessly to a computer. The system is a low-cost with a very small size, light weight and easy to use by the patient. A microphone is used to pick up the sound of the heart beat. The signal is processed, sampled and sent wirelessly using ZigBee protocol. Experimental results show the system functioning properly. Heart beat signals are sensed, sent, displayed, monitored, stored, reviewed, and analyzed with ease. Flexible PCB can be used to further reducing size and weight of the sensing unit.