Purpose is to improve a geophysical method of determining the boundaries of ore-bearing rocks and tectonic disturbances under complex mining and geological conditions while developing 3D geological models. Methods. 3D geological models of natural objects were developed on the basis of complex structural, geological-geophysical, and lithological facies analysis with the wide use of modern 3D seismic exploration technologies taking into consideration the parameters for prediction and selection of optimal factors for ore deposit development. Findings. The scientifically substantiated result is represented by the increased reliability and efficiency of seismic exploration for singling out the ore horizons and ore bodies as well as tectonic disturbances at different depths by specifying geological structures of the prospective areas and sites under study. Originality. Basing on the carried out studies, methods of the development of 3D geological models to study depth geological inhomogeneities of the ore-bearing complexes under complex mining and geological conditions were improved. Practical implications. The obtained results of 3D modelling of geological media basing on the applied 3D seismic exploration will help increase a confidence factor of scientifically substantiated prediction of ore deposits, provide optimal development of complex ore objects, reduce risks, and increase economic efficiency of solid deposit development under complex mining and geological conditions.

This paper represents the results of a study of the chemical composition of salt lakes within the Burabay rock mass in eastern Kazakhstan. We sampled water and bottom deposits, geochemically analyzed the composition of the salt lakes, and performed aerial photography of the lakes to geometrize them. We studied the linkage between the rare-metal mineralization of granites of the Burabay rock mass and the salt lakes within the territory. Based on the obtained data, we identified the prospects of the survey area for rare metals. The surveys included 15 water samples and 15 bottom-deposit samples. To identify the source of salt in the lake water and deposits, the chemical composition of Burabay rocks was analyzed and seven samples of coarse-grained and porphyritic granites were selected. It was established that the water and bottom deposits accumulated elevated concentrations of valuable components (i.e., Sr, Rb, and U); this fact may be considered as an argument for conducting special surveys of small lakes in the region. The results obtained can be used for conducting further explorations and mining operations in the survey area in order to revive the rare-metal industry in the region, which will allow the development of new high-tech production and the creation of new jobs in this sphere.

New data on non-traditional types of East Kazakhstan rare metal ore

Geophysical methods of rock mass survey are one of the most effective ways of solving various problems in mining and are widely used in mining, gas and oil industries, as well as in science. They allow carrying out prospecting and evaluation works remotely, to reveal structural heterogeneities, cavities, contact zones of different media in rock mass with rather high accuracy. At the stage of designing a mining enterprise and making major decisions, it is necessary to have reliable information about the tectonic structure of the undermined and adjacent massif and parameters of its geodynamic activity. For this purpose, special studies of the tectonic structure of the rock massif must be carried out and the parameters of modern geodynamic movements must be determined. The most complete information about tectonic disturbances, identification of gliding surfaces, zones of macrofracturing are provided by geophysical methods of rock mass survey. In the article analysis of study of structural-tectonic structure of ore areas, separation and specification of ore-controlling structures, detection and depth mapping of ore-controlling faults, volume mapping of intrusive massifs based on previously conducted geophysical research in Zhezkazgan syncline area carried out. Geological and geophysical conditions of the central ore field (presence of rich bodies with high electric conductivity, considerable thicknesses of ore bodies, etc.) were favorable for application of various geophysical methods to search and trace rich ore bodies occurring at low depths. Moreover, possibilities of application of seismic works are considered at the solution of problems of ore geology in difficult mining-geological conditions of Kazakhstan.

Ophiolites are remnants of oceanic crust that have been thrust onto continental crust due to tectonic processes. They are composed of mostly mafic and ultramafic rocks, which are genetically associated with gold, silver, platinum group element (PGE), chrome, manganese, titanium, cobalt, copper, and nickel deposits. The main objective of this research was to identify the spatial distribution of Mesozoic ophiolitic complexes within the Central Afghan Block in Middle Afghanistan using optical remote sensing data and spectral analyses. Distinct algorithms, such as false color composite (FCC), proposed band ratios (PBR), principal component analysis (PCA), and spectral angle mapper (SAM), were used to map the targeted ophiolitic complexes. New band ratios were proposed in this study based on the spectral properties of mafic-ultramafic minerals and rocks, which showed high efficiency. Based on the results, four different ophiolitic complexes were delineated within this study area. These complexes are consistent with previous studies. The accuracy assessment of this study showed an overall accuracy of 72.2%. The findings of this study can significantly contribute to further studies on the emplacement mechanism and paleo-Tethys history of Middle Afghanistan. Also, the spatial distribution of the ophiolitic complexes identified in this study can be used to constrain models of the tectonic evolution of the Central Afghan Block. Additionally, the identification of new band ratios for mapping ophiolitic complexes can be used in future studies of other ophiolite-bearing regions.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming the renewable energy (RE) sector by enabling intelligent data-driven solutions to address complex operational and integration challenges. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global research on AI applications in renewable energy from 2010 to 2025, based on 1409 publications retrieved from the Scopus Core Collection. Using VOSviewer software, the study maps publication trends, collaboration networks, and thematic clusters to characterize the intellectual landscape and research evolution of this rapidly growing domain. The findings indicate that China leads in research output and international collaboration, followed by the United States and key European countries. Major research themes include AI-based techniques for transient stability assessment, frequency regulation, and solar and wind energy forecasting—areas essential for improving grid reliability and renewable integration. The analysis also highlights regional differences in AI investment and policy focus: Europe emphasizes ethical governance, China shows investment variability, and the United States leads in innovation scale. Kazakhstan contribution to AI Applications in Renewable Energy is also presented. Overall, this study provides an evidence-based overview of global research trajectories and emerging trends, offering valuable insights to guide future investigations and policy directions in AI-driven renewable energy systems.