Plantation forests, cultivated through artificial seeding and planting methods, are of great significance to human society. However, most experimental sites for these forests are located in remote areas. Therefore, in-depth studies on remote forest management and off-site experiments can better meet the experimental and management needs of researchers. Based on an experimental plantation forest of Triploid Populus Tomentosa, this paper proposes a digital twin architecture for a virtual poplar plantation forest system. The framework includes the modeling of virtual plantation and data analysis. Regarding this system architecture, this paper theoretically analyzes the three main entities of the physical world, digital world, and researchers contained in it, as well as their interaction mechanisms. For virtual plantation modeling, a tree modeling method based on LiDAR point cloud data was adopted. The transitional particle flow method was proposed to combine with AdTree method for tree construction, followed by integration with other models and optimization. For plantation data analysis, a database based on forest monitoring data was established. Tree growth equations were derived by fitting the tree diameter at breast height data, which were then used to predict and simulate trends in diameter-related data that are difficult to measure. The experimental result shows that a preliminary digital twin-oriented poplar plantation system can be constructed based on the proposed framework. The system consists of 2160 trees and simulations of 10 types of monitored or predicted data, which provides a new practical basis for the application of digital twin technology in the forestry field. The optimized tree model consumes over 67% less memory, while the R² of the tree growth equation with more than 100 data items could reach more than 87%, which greatly improves the performance and accuracy of the system. Thus, utilizing forestry information networking and digitization to support plantation forest experimentation and management contributes to advancing the digital transformation of forestry and the realization of a smart management model for forests.

Since forest and fruit wood borer insects are very harmful, and the formed galleries are complex and not easy to observe, the 3D reconstruction and visual prediction simulation of their galleries are of great importance in agricultural and forestry research. A single image-based 3D reconstruction and visualization method is proposed. The method is divided into two steps: (1) photographing the complete insect galleries on different sample wood segments, correcting the images to obtain the complete insect tract outline, and then redefining the height of model expansion based on the distance from the outline to the midline of the outline via the sketch-based reconstruction method to reconstruct the 3D geometric model of insect tracts; (2) setting the influencing factors, such as forest and fruit wood borer pest species, host plants and insect population density, and simultaneously judging the newly added sample points and updating the original skeleton points according to the category of sample points and the comprehensive consideration of influencing factors, so as to obtain the changes of insect gallery structure under different conditions and achieve the predictive simulation of insect tract structure. We found that modeling 3D wood borer galleries by different pests on different host plants can be achieved. Compared to the hand drawing method, our method can obtain 3D models in a very short time, and the experimental models are all reconstructed within 1.5 s. The predicted variation in the range of insect tracts indicate that it was inversely proportional to the population density and positively proportional to the moth-eating ability of the pests, indicating that the method reflects the relationship between the range of insect tracts and the influencing factors. The proposed method provides a new approach to the study and control of wood borer galleries in the forest and fruit industry. In conclusion, we provide a method to reconstruct and predict the wood borer galleries in three dimensions.